MycoKeys 83: |-37 (202 | ) ye “." A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.83.68926 RESEARCH ARTICLE . 03 MycoKkeys https://mycokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research New contributions to Diatrypaceae from karst areas in China Sihan Long!”, Lili Liu?, Yinhui Pi', Youpeng Wu', Yan Lin', Xu Zhang’, Qingde Long', Yinggian Kang*, Jichuan Kang°, Nalin N. Wijayawardene'’, Feng Wang’, Xiangchun Shen'’, Qirui Li!” I State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Gui- yang 550004, China 2 The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province (The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), School of Phar- maceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guizhou 550025, China 3 Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province! Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China 4 Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education of Guizhou and Guizhou Talent Base for Microbiology and Human Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical Universi- ty, Guiyang, China 5 Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of National Education Ministry of China, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China 6 Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan 655011, China 7 Guizhou Provincial Academician Workstation of Microbiology and Health, Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550000, China Corresponding author: Qirui Li (lqrnd2008@163.com) Academic editor: Andrew Miller | Received 20 May 2021 | Accepted 20 July 2021 | Published 20 August 2021 Citation: Long S—H, Liu L—L, Pi Y-H, Wu Y-P, Lin Y, Zhang X, Long Q—D, Kang Y—Q, Kang J—C, Wijayawardene NN, Wang FE Shen X-C, Li Q—R (2021) New contributions to Diatrypaceae from karst areas in China. MycoKeys 83: 1-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.83.68926 Abstract In this study, fungal specimens of the family Diatrypaceae were collected from karst areas in Guizhou, Hainan and Yunnan Provinces, China. Morpho-molecular analyses confirmed that these new collections comprise a new genus Pseudodiatrype, three new species (Diatrype lancangensis, Diatrypella pseudoore- gonensis and Eutypa cerasi), a new combination (Diatrypella oregonensis), two new records (Allodiatrype thailandica and Diatrypella vulgaris) from China and two other known species (Neoeutypella baoshanensis and Paraeutypella citricola). The new taxa are introduced, based on multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (ITS, 8-tubulin), as well as morphological analyses. The new genus Pseudodiatrype is characterised by its wart- like stromata with 5—20 ascomata immersed in one stroma and the endostroma composed of thin black Copyright Sihan Long et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 Sihan Long et al. / MycoKeys 83: 1-37 (2021) outer and inner layers of large white cells with thin, powdery, yellowish cells. These characteristics separate this genus from two similar genera Allodiatrype and Diatrype. Based on morphological as well as phyloge- netic analyses, Diatrype lancangensis is introduced as a new species of Diatrype. The stromata of Diatrype lancangensis are similar to those of D. subundulata and D. undulate, but the ascospores are larger. Based on phylogenetic analyses, Diatrype oregonensis is transferred to the genus Diatrypella as Diatrypella oregonensis while Diatrypella pseudooregonensis is introduced as a new species of Diatrypella with 8 spores in an ascus. In addition, multi-gene phylogenetic analyses show that Eutypa cerasi is closely related to E. lata, but the ascomata and asci of Eutypa cerasi are smaller. The polyphyletic nature of some genera of Diatrypaceae has led to confusion in the classification of the family, thus we discuss whether the number of ascospores per asci can still be used as a basis for classification. Keywords Five novel taxa, phylogeny, systematics, taxonomy, Xylariales Introduction Diatrypaceae is an important family of higher ascomycetes, belonging to Xylariales (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016). In the latest compilation, Hyde et al. (2020a) re- vised the family Diatrypaceae and included several new genera (i.e. Allodiatrype Konta & K.D. Hyde, Halocryptovalsa Dayar. & K.D. Hyde and Neoeutypella M. Raza et al.). This was followed by Wijayawardene et al. (2020) in which 20 genera were accepted into Diatrypaceae. The Diatrypaceae is characterised by perithecial ascomata embed- ded in a poor or well-developed, brown or black-coloured stroma, long-stalked and 8-spored or numerous-spored asci and allantoid, unicellular ascospores (Glawe and Rogers 1984; Rappaz 1987; Mehrabi et al. 2015; de Almeida et al. 2016). Members of Diatrypaceae occur on a wide range of hosts in terrestrial and marine environments worldwide, some of which are important plant pathogens (Moyo et al. 2018a; Mehrabi et al. 2019; Dayarathne et al. 2020; Konta et al. 2020). For many dec- ades, canker diseases on grapevine have been attributed to the species of Diatrypaceae worldwide, for example in China Cryptovalsa Ces. & De Not., Cryptosphaeria Ces. & De Not, Diatrype Fr., Diatrypella (Ces. & De Not.) De Not., Eutypa Tul. & C. Tul. And Eutypella (Nitschke) Sacc., are responsible for canker diseases in grapevine (Trouillas et al. 2011; Gao et al. 2013; Moyo et al. 2018b). Besides cankers of grape- vine, some species have been reported as the causal pathogentic agents of fruit trees and woody plants in Europe and the USA (Trouillas et al. 2011; Gao et al. 2013). Thirteen species of Cryptosphaeria and Diatrype were introduced by Vasiljeva and Ma (2014) from north-eastern China, which includes two new species and four new records. China has the largest range of karst distribution in the world. The landform of karst can be found in almost all Provinces of China, with the most extensive distri- bution in Guizhou and Yunnan Provinces (Miao et al. 2007). Karst virgin forest is a relatively stable ecosystem with rich biological resources, highly primitive and main- taining stable biological diversity (Dong et al. 2002). The special karst and ecological environment is home to a rich diversity of diatrypaceous fungi. New contributions to Diatrypaceae i, In this study, we revisit species of Diatrypaceae collected from karst areas in Guizhou, Hainan and Yunnan Provinces of China. Based on morpho-molecular analy- ses, one new genus and three new species are introduced; in addition, a new combina- tion and two new records from China are reported. Descriptions and illustrations of new taxa and new records are provided. Materials and Methods Fungi collection, isolation and identification Samples of decaying wood were collected from October 2019 to November 2020 in forests and nature reserves of Guizhou, Hainan and Yunnan Provinces in China. The specimens were observed with a stereomicroscope while microscopic images of the samples were taken using a Nikon ECLIPSE Ni compound microscope, with a Canon EOS 700D digital camera. Measurements were taken with Tarosoft (R) Image Frame Work (v.0.9.7). More than 30 asci and ascospores were measured for each specimen examined. Photoplates were arranged and improved by using Adobe Photoshop CS6 software. Isolations of fungi were made by single spore isolation (Chomnunti et al. 2014) and germinated spores were transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium for purification. The specimens were deposited at the Herbarium of Cryptogams, Kun- ming Institute of Botany Academia Sinica (KUN-HKAS) and Herbarium of Guizhou Medical University (GMB). Strains of the new genus and new species are maintained in the Guizhou Medical University Collection Centre (GMBC). DNA extraction, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and phylogenetic analyses Genomic DNA was extracted from fungal mycelium following the manufacturer’s protocol of the BIOMIGA Fungal gDNA isolation Kit (BIOMIGA, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China). Extracts of DNA were stored at —20 °C. PCR was carried out in a volume of 25 ul containing 9.5 pl of ddH,O, 12.5 ul of 2x Taq PCR Master Mix (2 x Taq Master Mix with dye, TIANGEN, China), 1 ul of DNA extracts and 1 pl of forward and reverse primers (10 uM each) in each reaction. Primers pairs, ITS4 and ITS5, fRPB2-7CR and fRPB2-5f, LROR and LR5, T1 and Bt2b, as well as Bt2a and Bt2b (Vilgalys and Hester 1990; White et al. 1990; Glass and Don- aldson 1995; O’Donnell and Cigelnik 1997), were used to amplify internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) sequences, large subunit ribosomal (LSU) sequences and §-tubulin (TUB2) sequences, respectively. PCR profiles for the ITS and LSU are as follows: initially at 95 °C for 5 minutes, followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 94 °C for 1 minute, annealing at 52 °C for 1 minute, elongation at 72 °C for 1.5 minutes and a final extension at 72 °C for 10 min- utes. PCR profile for the RPB2 is as follows: initially at 95 °C for 5 minutes, followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 95 °C for 1 minute, annealing at 54 °C for 2 minutes, Table |. Taxa used in the phylogenetic analyses and their corresponding GenBank accession numbers. Taxa Allocryptovalsa elaeidis A. polyspora™ A, rabenhorstii Allodiatrype arengae™ A, elaeidicola A, elaeidis A. thailandica A. thailandica A. thailandica Anthostoma decipiens™ A, decipiens™ Cryptosphaeria ligniota C. pullmanensis C. subcutanea C. subcutanea Cryptovalsa ampelina C. ampelina Diatrype bullata D. disciformis™ D. disciformis™ D. enteroxantha D. enteroxantha D. lancangensis D. lancangensis D. lancangensis D. palmicola D. palmicola D. spilomea D. stigma D. undulata Diatrypella atlantica D. banksiae D. delonicis D. delonicis D. elaeidis D. favacea D. favacea D. frostii D. heveae D. heveae D. hubeiensis D. iranensis D. macrospora D. oregonensis (Diatrype oregonensis) D. oregonensis (Diatrype oregonensis) D. pseudooregonensis D. pseudooregonensis D. pseudooregonensis D. pseudooregonensis D. pseudooregonensis D. pseudooregonensis D. pulvinata D. pulvinata D. tectonae D. tectonae D. verruciformis™ Sihan Long et al. / MycoKeys 83: 1-37 (2021) Strain number MFLUCC 15-0707 MFLUCC 17-0364 WA08CB MFLUCC 15-0713 MFLUCC 15-0737a MFLUCC 15-0708a MFLUCC 15-3662 MFLUCC 15-0711 GMB0050 IPV-FW349 JL567 CBS 273.87 ATCC 52655 DSUB100A CBS 240.87 A001 DRO101 UCDDCh400 GNA14 D21C, CBS 205.87 HUEFS155114 HUEFS155116 GMB0045 GMB0046 GMB0047 MFLUCC 11-0020 MFLUCC 11-0018 D17C DCASH200 D20C, CBS 271.87 HUEFS 136873 CPC 29118 MFLUCC 15-1014 MEFLU 16-1032 MFLUCC 15-0279 Islotate 380 DL26C UFMGCEB 1917 MFLUCC 15-0274 MFLUCC 17-0368 CFCC 52413 KDQI8 KDQI15 DPL200 CA117 GMB0039 GMB0040 GMBO0041 GMB0042 GMB0043 GMB0044 H048 DL29C MFLUCC 12-0172a MFLUCC 12-0172b UCROK1467 GenBank Accession number ITS 6-tubulin MN308410 MN340296 MF959500 MG334556 HQ692619 HQ692523 MN308411 MN340297 MN308415 MN340299 MN308412 MN340298 KU315392 NA MN308414 NA MW797108 MW814880 AM399021 AM920693 JN975370 JN975407 KT425233 KT425168 KT425235 KT425170 KT425189 KT425124 KT425232 KT425167 GQ293901 GQ293972 GQ293902 GQ293982 DQ006946 DQ007002 KR605644.1 KY352434.1 AJ302437 NA KM396617 KT003700 KM396618 KT022236 MW797113 MW814885 MW797114 MW814886 MW797116 MW814887 KP744438 NA KP744439 NA AJ302433 NA GQ293947 GQ294003 AJ302436 NA KM396614 KR259647 KY173402 NA MH812994. MH847790 MH812995 MH847791 MN308417 MN340300 KU320616 NA AJ302440 NA HQ377280 NA MN308418 MN340301 MF959501 MG334557 MW632937 NA KM245033 =KY352429 KR605648 KY352430 GQ293940 GQ293999 GQ293934 GQ293996 MW797115 MW814888 MW797117 MW814889 MW797118 MW814890 MW797119 MW814891 MW797120 MW814892 MW797110 MW814882 FR715523 FR715495 AJ302443 NA KY283084 NA KY283085 KY421043 JX144793 JX174093 Reference Konta et al. (2020) Senwanna et al. (2017) Trouillas et al. (2011) Konta et al. (2020) Konta et al. (2020) Konta et al. (2020) Li et al. (2016) Konta et al. (2020) This study Unpublished. Luque et al. (2012) Acero et al. (2004) Trouillas et al. (2015) Trouillas et al. (2015) Trouillas et al. (2015) Trouillas et al. (2010) Trouillas et al. (2010) Rolshausen et al. (2006) Senanayake et al. (2015) Acero et al. (2004) de Almeida et al. (2016) de Almeida et al. (2016) This study This study This study Liu et al. (2015) Liu et al. (2015) Acero et al. (2004) Trouillas et al. (2010) Acero et al. (2004) de Almeida et al. (2016) Crous et al. (2013) Hyde et al. (2019) Hyde et al. (2019) Konta et al. (2020) de Almeida et al. (2016) Unpublished Vieira et al. (2011) Konta et al. (2020) Senwanna et al. (2017) Zhu et al. (2021) Mehrabi et al. (2015) Mehrabi et al. (2016) Trouillas et al. (2010) Trouillas et al. (2010) This study This study This study This study This study This study de Almeida et al. (2016) Unpublished Shang et al. (2017) Shang et al. (2017) Lynch et al. (2013) Taxa D. verruciformis™ D. vulgaris D. vulgaris D. vulgaris D. yunnanensis Eutypa armeniacae E. astroidea E. cerasi E. cerasi E. flavovirens E. laevata E. lata’ E. lata’ E. lata™ E. leioplaca E. leptoplaca E. maura E. microasca E. sparsa E. tetragona Eutypella caricae E. cerviculata™ E. cerviculata™ E. leprosa E. leprosa E. microtheca E. parasitica E. semicircularis Halocryptovalsa salicorniae Halodiatrype avicenniae 1. salinicola™ Kretaschmaria deusta Monosporascus cannonballus™ M. cannonballus™ Neoeutypella baoshanensis™ N. baoshanensis™ N. baoshanensis™ N. baoshanensis™ N. baoshanensis™ Paraeutypella citricola Pa. citricola Pa. citricola Pa. guizhouensis’ Pa. guizhouensis™ Pa. vitis Pa. vitis Pedumispora rhizophorae™ Pe. rhizophorae" Peroneutypa alsophila Pe. curvispora Pe. diminutispora Pe. mackenziei Pe. mangrovei Pseudodiatrype hainanensis™ Ps. hainanensis™ Quaternaria quaternata Q. quaternata Xylaria hypoxylon New contributions to Diatrypaceae Strain number UCROK754 HVFRAO2 HVGRF03 GMB0051 VTO1 ATCC 28120 E49C, CBS 292.87 GMB0048 GMB0049 E48C, CBS 272.87 E40C CBS 291.87 CBS290.87 EP18 RGAO1 CBS 248.87 CBS 287.87 CBS 219.87 BAFC 51550 3802 3b CBS 284.87 EL51C M68 EL59C EL54C Isolate 60 BCMX01 CBS 210.39 MP4669 MFLUCC 15-0185 MFLUCC 15-0953 MFLUCC 15-1277 CBS 826.72 CMM3646 ATCC 26931 GMB0052 LC 12111 EL51C, CBS 274.87 MFLUCC 16-1002 GL08362 HVVIT07 HVGRFO1 GMB0053 KUMCC 20-0016 KUMCC 20-0017 UCD2291AR UCD2428TX BCC44877 BCC44878 EL58C, CBS 250.87 HUEFS 136877 MFLUCC 17-2144 MFLUCC 16-0072 PUFD526 GMB0054 GMB0055 ELG6OC, CBS 278.87 GNF13 CBS 122620 GenBank Accession number ITS £-tubulin JX144783 JX174083 HQ692591 HQ692503 HQ692590 HQ692502 MW797107 MW814879 MN653008 MN887112 DQ006948 —DQ006975 AJ302458 — DQ006966 MW797104 MW814893 MW797105 MW814877 AJ302457 = =DQ006959 AJ302449 NA HM164736 HM164770 HQ692611 HQ692501 HQ692614 HQ692497 DQ006922 DQ006974 DQ006924 DQ006961 DQ006926 DQ006967 KF964566 KF964572 AY684220 AY684201 DQ006923 DQ006960 AJ302460 NA JF340269 NA AJ302468 NA AJ302463 NA KU320622 NA KC405563 KC405560 DQ118966 NA JQ517314 NA MH304410 MH370274 KX573916 =©KX573931 KX573915 =.KX573932 KU683767 KU684190 JX971617 NA FJ430598 NA MW797106 MW814878 MH822887 MH822888 AJ302460 NA MT310662 NA JX241652 NA HQ692579 HQ692512 HQ692589 HQ692521 MW797109 MW814881 MW039349 MW239660 MW036141 MW239661 HQ288224 HQ288303 FJ790851 GU294726 KJ888853 NA KJ888854 NA AJ302467 NA KM396641 NA MG873479 NA KY283083 KY706363 MG844286 MH094409 MW797111 MW814883 MW797112 MW814884 AJ302469 NA KR605645 NA AM993141 KX271279 Reference Lynch et al. (2013) Trouillas et al. (2011) Trouillas et al. (2011) This study Zhu et al. (2021) Rolshausen et al. (2006) Rolshausen et al. (2006) This study This study Rolshausen et al. (2006) Acero et al. (2004) Trouillas and Gubler (2010) Trouillas et al. (2011) Trouillas et al. (2011) Rolshausen et al. (2006) Rolshausen et al. (2006) Rolshausen et al. (2006) Grassi et al. (2014) Trouillas and Gubler (2004) Rolshausen et al. (2006) Acero (2000) Arhipova et al. (2012) Acero et al. (2004) Acero et al. (2004) de Almeida et al. (2016) Paolinelli-Alfonso et al. (2015) Jurc et al. (2006) Mehrabi et al. (2016) Dayarathne et al. (2020) Dayarathne et al. (2016) Dayarathne et al. (2016) U Ren et al. (2016) Unpublished Unpublished This study Hyde et al. (2019) Acero et al. (2004) Phukhamsakda et al. (2020) Gao et al.(2013) Trouillas et al. (2011) Trouillas et al. (2011) This study Dissanayake et al. (2021) Dissanayake et al. (2021) Urbez-Torres et al. (2012) Urbez-Torres et al. (2009) Klaysuban et al. (2014) Klaysuban et al. (2014) Acero et al. (2004) de Almeida et al. (2016) Shang et al. (2018) Shang et al. (2017) Phookamsak et al. (2019) This study This study Acero et al. (2004) Mehrabi et al. (2016) Pergoh et al. (2009) T; Types species of the genus; NA: No sequence is available in GenBank; Newly generated sequences are indicated in bold. 6 Sihan Long et al. / MycoKeys 83: 1-37 (2021) elongation at 72 °C for 1.5 minutes and a final extension at 72 °C for 10 minutes (Konta et al. 2020). PCR profile for the TUB2 are as follows: initially at 95 °C for 5 minutes, followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 94 °C for 1 minute, annealing at 52 °C for 1 minute, elongation at 72 °C for 1.5 minutes and a final extension at 72 °C for 10 minutes (de Almeida et al. 2016). PCR products were submitted to Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China for purification and sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses Phylogenetic analyses were performed by searching homologous sequence data of the family Diatrypaceae in the GenBank database, selected from NCBI and recently pub- lished papers (Mehrabi et al. 2019; Dayarathne et al. 2020; Konta et al. 2020; Dissa- nayake et al. 2021; Zhu et al. 2021). After the preliminary identification results of the sequences, multiple sequence alignments (ITS and $-tubulin) were aligned using Bi- okdit v. 7.0 (Hall 1999). Alignments were converted from FASTA to PHYLIP format by using Alignment Transformation Environment online (https://sing.ei.uvigo.es/AL- TER/, Glez-Pefia et al. 2010). Maximum Likelihood (ML) analyses and Bayesian pos- terior probabilities (BYPP) were performed by using RAxML-HPC BlackBox (8.2.12) and MrBayes on XSEDE (3.2.7a) tools in the CIPRES Science Gateway platform, based on a combination of ITS and TUB2 sequence data (Miller et al. 2010). Both of the two methods use the GTR+I+G model of evolution (Nylander 2004). The Boot- strap supports of ML analyses were obtained by running 1,000 pseudo-replicates and BYPP using a simulation technique called Markov chain Monte Carlo (or MCMC) to approximate the posterior probabilities of trees. Six simultaneous Markov Chains were run for 3,000,000 generations and trees were sampled every 1,000" generation. Finally, the tree was visualised in Fig Tree v.1.4.4 (Rambaut 2012) and edited by us- ing Adobe Photoshop CS6 software. ‘The final alignment and phylogenetic trees were deposited in TreeBASE under the submission ID28176 (http://www.treebase.org/) Result Phylogenetic analyses Based on RAxML and BYPP analyses, phylogenetic analyses were similar in overall tree topologies and did not differ significantly. The dataset consists of 105 taxa for representative strains of species in Diatrypaceae, including outgroup taxa with 1071 characters, including gaps (ITS: 1-486, $-tubulin: 486-1071). The RAxML analyses resulted in a best scoring likelihood tree selected with a final ML optimisation likeli- hood value of -15731.506304, which is shown in Fig. 1. The phylogenetic tree, based on combining ITS and $-tubulin sequence data, is also shown in Fig. 1 and contains 17 clades within Diatrypaceae. Below, we list the placements of new taxa: New contributions to Diatrypaceae is Diatrypella pseudooregonensis GMB0043 paper pseudooregonensis GMB0041 Diatrypella pseudooregonensis GMB0040 Diatryp trypella p pseudooregonensis GMB0039 P seudooresonensis GMB0042 Diatry pella rtormi (ROK reels Diatrypel a verruciformis U 2 Th UCRO aH ' Deep ala rere tL brannpec eon DPL200 Cladel Diatrypella 99/1 00/! Diatry pel oregonensis nat Het CAI17 aia r i iat i h i i is 10: 7? i ae lla crest eens 15-1014 100/1 Diampeih ihr FLUCC 9910.99 Diatrypella atlantica fine Re st “Ne Rectal th il Cee ee ee ames TERS 16-1002 Clade 2 Neoeutypella rare pela oshanen i & . ik Ha banksiae CP Incertae sedis ia Clade 3 Allodiatrype 5.0713 Mola elaeidjcola MFLUCC 15-0737a Rendodiatrype hatnanensis WARS Clade 4 Psendodiatrype 100/1, Diatrype enteroxantha HOEESI55 55116 : Dials, eaeroxantha wu SNe a4gng Incertae sedis 1, Pedumispora rhizophorae : Ped spora rhizophorae BOCHSTT. sail Clade 5 Pedumispora 100/1 alodiatrype avicenniae : Ha nlodapy nl MELUCC 15-1277 Clade 6 Halodiatrype Diatrypella pe vinata aN pulvinata H048 trypella yunnanensis VT01 99/1 Daa al loeb vies 52413 -10.99 9610 Diatrypella favacea i ; spel la favacea Islotate 380 Clade 7 Diatrype 1/ Diatrype palmico la MFLUCC 11-0018 ; Diatrype palmicola Anas 11-0020 Diatrypella Diatrype lancangensis GMB ae lente Ay 73/0.98 ta RGAO| i a armenicae, AOC 28}20 ulypa idevala 7/0.99|100/1) Eutypa cherrytia GMB0048 Clade 8 Eutypa 1 Eutypa cherrytia GMB0049 Buaypislovore cs bingy i 100/1 Lapel ee ELS9C lla cerviculata M Clade 9 Eutypella 1 Eutyp 21 a sere bes 669 m Po ie ele Clade 10 Anthostoma 0 ‘ryptosp t 100A rAbiopaera neo CI Sa ue ligniota CB fides. aerid on hice 52655 q iatrypella iranensis (Diat pipe iranensis) KDQI8 Diafrypella macros ora al latrype macrospora) Opes Dupes yilaia pease = pe edie ormis ee 87 Clade 12 Diatrype an _Diatypes i nae Figure |. Phylogram generated from Maximum Likelihood (RAxML) analyses, based on ITS-8-tubulin matrix. ML bootstrap supports (= 70%) and Bayesian posterior probability (2 0.90) are indicated as ML/ BYPP. The tree is rooted to Kreteschmaria deusta (CBS 826.72) and Xylaria hypoxylon (CBS 122620). Ex-type strains are in red. Newly generated strains are in black bold. Clade 11 Cryptosphaeria 8 Sihan Long et al. / MycoKeys 83: 1-37 (2021) S219 87 sat — ine SA Eutypa aes: CRs 248.87 Clade 13 Eutypa 2 yap eee > wy meioeon CBS 284.87 lalocryptovalsa salicorniae MFLUCC 15-0185 Clade 14 Halocryptovalsa 100/1; Cryptovalsa ampelina A001 100/1 ie npeln DRO10L eegie Clade 15 Cryptovalsa 100/1 dtemaria vaternata 2 vaternaria eo CBS 278.87 Clade 16 Quaternaria piraep citricola araeutypella here Na jin Pe a citrico 10/1 Paraeutypella vitis MBI Clade 17 Paraeutypella Paraeu re vitis UCD2291 AR araeupe he saciouen Ric Cai wl) rile eas ‘a polyspora Cl we oe ple ph elaeidis MFLU ee ae f A oc oy 7 Belen WANS edb Clade 18 Allocryptovalsa Fine la mirc ADEL00 a ih leprosa a - Euiypella ufypella leprasa E L ele aeenlats ATCC 7 Clade 19 Monosporascus Monosporascus eanmonigilus CMM. pine v ree MFLUCC 17-2144 OM curvispora bers 136877 Peroneutypa mac Donziel M inte 16-0072 Clade 20 Peroneutypa Peroneuiypa mangroyei PUED526 Figure |. Continued. Clade 1: Diatrypella pseudooregonensis and Diatrypella oregonensis clustered with the species of Diatrypella in Clade 1 with high bootstrap support, Diatrypella pseu- dooregonensis is introduced as an 8-spored new species of Diatrypella and Diatrype oregonensis is renamed as Diatrypella oregonensis. Clade 4: Pseudodiatrype formed a separate branch in a clade (Clade 4) basal to the genus Allodiatrype. Clade 7: Diatrype lancangensis clusters with the species of Diatrypella and Diatrype in an unresolved clade. However, Diatrype and Diatrypella have previously shown confused classification which is difficult to distinguish, based on phylogenetic aspects alone. Therefore, we introduce Diatrype lancangensis as a new species of Diatrype, based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological differences (Table 2). Clade 8: Eutypa cerasi forms a distinct lineage which is sister to Eutypa lata (EP 18, RGAO1) (Fig. 1). Taxonomy Diatrype Fr. Notes. The genus Diatrype was introduced by Fries (1849). The genus is characterised by stromata widely effuse or verrucose, flat or slightly convex, with discoid or sulcate ostioles at the surface, 8-spored and long-stalked asci and hyaline or brownish, allantoid ascospores. In this study, we introduce a new species of Diatrype from China. New contributions to Diatrypaceae p Diatrype lancangensis S.H. Long & Q. R. Li, sp. nov. MycoBank No: 839655 Fig. 2 Holotype. GMB0045. Etymology. Refers to the name of the location, where the type specimen was collected. Description. Saprobic on decaying branches of an unidentified plant. Sexual morph: Stromata immersed in bark, aggregated, irregular in shape, widely effused, flat, margin diffuse, surface dark brown to black, with punctiform ostioles scattered at surface, with tissues soft, white between perithecia. Entostroma dark with embedded perithecia in one layer. Perithecium semi-immersed in stroma, globose to subglobose, glabrous, with cylindrical neck, brevicollous or longicollous 283.5—343.5 pm high, 207-290 um broad (av. = 315.5 x 248.0 um, n = 10), ovoid, obovoid to oblong, mon- ostichous, aterrimus. Ostiole opening separately, papillate or apapillate, central. Peridi- um 30-50 um thick, dark brown to hyaline with textura angularis cell layers. Asci 90.5— 160.5 x 7.0-15.0 um (av. = 129.5 x 10.5 um n = 30) 8-spored clavate, unitunicate, with rounded apex, apical rings inamyloid. Ascospores 11-18.5 x 2-4 um (av. = 14.9 x 2.8 um, n = 30), irregularly arranged, allantoid, slightly curved, brown to dark brown, smooth, aseptate, usually with oil droplets. Asexual morph: undetermined. Culture characteristics. Ascospores germinating on PDA within 24 hours. Colo- nies on PDA, white when young, became luteous, dense but, thinning towards edge, margin rough, white from above, reverse white at margin, pale yellow to luteous at centre, no pigmentation produced on PDA medium, no conidia observed on PDA or on OA media. Specimens examined. Curna, Yunnan Province, Baoshan City, Lancang River Nature Reserve (25°1'17.44"N, 99°35'10.05"E) on branches of an unidentified plant, 4 October 2019. Altitude: 2549 m., YH. Pi & Qiong Zhang, LC172 (GMB0045, holotype, KUN-HKAS 112664, isotype, ex-type living culture GMBC0045). Additional specimens examined. Cuina, Yunnan Province, Baoshan City, Lan- cang River Nature Reserve (25°1'17.44"N, 99°35'10.05"E) on branches of an uniden- tified plant, 4 October 2019. Altitude: 2549 m., Y.H. Pi and Qiong Zhang, LC173 (GMB0046, KUN-HKAS 112665, living culture GMBC0046); CHINA, Yunnan Province, Baoshan City, Lancang River Nature Reserve (25°1'15.48"N, 99°35'24.08"E) on branches of an unidentified plant, 5 October 2019. Altitude: 2623 m., Y.H. Pi and Qiong Zhang, LC262 (GMB0047, KUN-HKAS 112672, living culture GMBC0047). Additional sequences. GMB0045 (LSU: MW797057, RPB2: MW81490); GMB00046 (LSU: MW797058); GMB0047 (LSU: MW797060, RPB2: MW8 14903) Note. Our new strain, GMBC0045 falls into the unresolved clade (Clade 7) which comprises five Diatrypella and one Diatrype species (Fig. 1), this clade is consistent with the study of Konta et al. (2020). The taxonomic confusion of Diatrypaceae has led to difficulties in separating the genera. We consider that the new species belongs to the genus Diatrype, based on the stromata features mentioned above which closely resemble descriptions of Diatrype subundulata Lar. N. Vassiljeva & Hai X. Ma and Diatrype undu- 10 Sihan Long et al. / MycoKeys 83: 1-37 (2021) Figure 2. Diatrype lancangensis (GMB0045, holotype) A stromata on host substrate B, C stromata on host D transverse sections through ascostroma E vertical section through ascostroma F culture on PDA G ostiolar canal H peridium I-K ascospores L=N asci. Scale bars: 10 um (G=N). New contributions to Diatrypaceae 11 lata (Pers.) Fr. (Vasilyeva et al. 2014). However, the ascospores of these species are larger than the ascospores of D. subundulata and D. undulata (Table 2). Phylogenetic analyses also showed that D. dancangensis falls on a separate branch that clustered with species of Diatrypella and Diatrype (Fig. 1). Hence, by combining morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses, it seems appropriate to categorise this species as Diatrype. In the phylogenetic analyses, it can be seen that Clade 7 can be defined as a new genus, but it is difficult to find the common morphological similarities among these species. More specimens and sequence or chemical composition analysis are needed in the future to determine whether Clade 7 can be a new genus. ‘The characteristics of the stromata of Diatrypella spp. in clade 7 are solitary and scattered, which is distinctly different from widely effuse, flat and slightly convex stromata of Diatrype lancangensis and Diatrype palmicola (Liu et al. 2015; Hyde et al. 2020b; Zhu et al. 2021). And in the recent study, Zhu et al. (2021) proposed that the species of Diatrypella in Clade 7 were isolated from Betula spp., it may have host specificity. Because of the above two reasons, we think it is better to classify our strains into Diatrype. Pseudodiatrype S.H. Long & Q.R. Li, gen. nov. MycoBank No: 839658 Etymology. Refers to this genus resembling Diatrype in morphology, but it is phylo- genetically distinct. Type species. Pseudodiatrype hainanensis S. H. Long & Q.R. Li sp. nov. Description. Saprobic on decaying branches of an unidentified plant. Sexual morph: Stromata scattered or aggregated on host, wart-like, pustulate, visible as black, rounded to irregular in shape on host surface, erumpent through host bark, 5—20 ascomata immersed in one stroma. Endostroma consists of outer layer of black, small, dense, thin parenchymal cells and inner layer of white, large, loose parenchymal cells, thin, pale yellow, powdery near margin of the black cells. Ostiole opening through host bark and appearing as black spots, separately, papillate or apapillate, central. Peri- thecium immersed in stroma, globose to subglobose, glabrous, with cylindrical neck, brevicollous or longicollous. Peridium is composed of an outer layer of dark brown to black, thin-walled cells, arranged in textura angularis, the inner layer of hyaline thin- walled cells of textura angularis. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate, long-stalked, api- cally rounded, apical rings inamyloid. Ascospores irregularly arranged, allantoid, slightly or moderately curved, smooth, subhyaline, aseptate, usually with two oil droplets. Asexual morph: undetermined. Note. The genus Pseudodiatrype is introduced to accommodate the new collec- tion made from Hainan Province of China and typified by Pseudodiatrype hainanensis. Pseudodiatrype is monotypic and, morphologically, resembles Diatrype and Allodiatrype Konta & K.D. Hyde. However, Pseudodiatrype can be distinguished from Diatrype by its 5—20 ascomata immersed in a stroma, while the stroma of species of Diatrype is 12 Sihan Long et al. / MycoKeys 83: 1-37 (2021) distributed over large areas, sometimes covering the surface of the host (Vasilyeva and Ma 2014; Konta et al. 2020). Pseudodiatrype differs from Alloiatrype by having its 5—20 ascomata immersed in a stroma, whereas the stroma of Allodiatrype has only 1-10 ascomata. Moreover, the endostroma of Allodiatrype is composed of dark brown outer layer cells and yellow inner layer cells (Konta et al. 2020), which are different from the endostroma of Pseudodiatrype having black outer and inner cells surrounded by pow- dery, pale yellow cells. In addition, the sizes of stroma and ascospores are different from species of Diatrype and Allodiatrype (Table 2). In the phylogenetic analyses, species of Pseudodiatrype appeared in a separate branch which is distinct from other genera with- in Diatrypaceae (Fig. 1), thus, justifying the erection of the new genus Pseudodiatrype. Pseudodiatrype hainanensis S. H. Long & Q.R. Li, sp. nov. MycoBank No: 839659 Fig. 3 Holotype. GMB0054. Etymology. Refers to the location of collections, Hainan Province. Description. Saprobic on decaying branches of an unidentified plant. Sexual morph: Stromata wart-like, pustulate, 2—-3.6 mm long and 1.6—3 mm broad (av. = 3.2 x 1.9 mm, n = 30), about 2 mm thick, 5—20 in single stroma, visible as black, rounded to irregular in shape on the host surface, erumpent through host bark, solitary to gre- garious. Endostroma composed of an outer layer of dark brown to black, small, tightly packed, thin parenchymatous cells and an inner layer of white, large, loose parenchy- mal cells with powdery, thin, yellowish tissue. Ostiole opening separately, papillate or apapillate, central. Perithecium immersed in the stroma, globose to subglobose, gla- brous, with cylindrical neck, brevicollous or longicollous, 193-347 um high, 138- 206 um diam. (av. = 278 x 156 um, n = 10). Peridium 30-50 um thick, dark brown to hyaline with textura angularis cell layers. Asci 110—155.5 x 6-10 pm (av. = 132 x 8 um, n = 30), 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate, long-stalked, apically rounded with inamyloid rings. Ascospores 8.5—13 x 1.5—2.5 um (av. = 10.5 x 2 um, n = 30), irregularly arranged, allantoid, slightly or moderately curved, smooth, subhyaline, aseptate, usually with two oil droplets. Asexual morph: undetermined. Culture characteristics. Ascospores germinating on PDA within 24 hours. Colo- nies on PDA, white when young, became pale brown, dense, but thinning towards edge, fluffy to slightly fluffy, white from above, pale brown from below, no pigmenta- tion produced on PDA medium, no conidia observed on PDAor on OA media. Specimens examined. Cuina, Hainan Province, Wuzhishan City, Wuzhishan Na- ture Reserve (18°54'21.81"N, 109°40'54.12"E) on branches of unidentified plant, 14 November 2020. Altitude: 775 m. Y.H. Pi & Q.R. Li, WZS59 (GMB0054, holotype, KUN-HKAS 112700, isotype, ex-type living culture GMBC0054). Additional specimen examined. Cuina, Hainan Province, Wuzhishan City, Wuzhishan Nature Reserve (18°54'21.81"N, 109°40'54.12"E) on branches of an uni- New contributions to Diatrypaceae Figure 3. Pseudodiatrype hainanensis (GMB0054, holotype) A stromata on host substrate B, C stromata on host D transverse section through ascostroma E vertical section through ascostroma F culture on PDA G section through the ascostroma H ostiolar canal I peridium J—M ascospores N=P asci. Scale bars: 40 um (G); 10 um (H-P). 14 Sihan Long et al. / MycoKeys 83: 1-37 (2021) dentified plant, 14 November 2020. Altitude: 775 m, Y.H. Pi & Q.R. Li, WZS66 (GMB0055, living culture GMBC0055) Additional sequences. GMB0054 (LSU: MW797055, RPB2: MW814900); GMB0055 (LSU: MW797056, RPB2 MW814901). Note. A peculiar feature of Pseudodiatrype hainanensis is the composition of endos- troma. There are black outer layer cells, white inner layer cells and powdery, yellowish cells that are smaller than the white cells at the edge of the endostroma near the black cells in endostroma. Diatrypella (Ces. & De Not.) De Not. Notes. The genus Diatrypella was introduced by Cesati & De Notaris (1863) and was typified with Diatrypella verruciformis (Ehrh.) Nitschke. This genus was characterized by pustule-like stromata erumpent through the host surface, polysporous asci and al- lantoid ascospores and libertella-like asexual morphs (Senanayake et al. 2015; Hyde et al. 2017; Shang et al. 2017). In this study, we introduce a new species, a new combina- tion and a new record of Diatrypella vulgaris from Guizhou Province for China. Diatrypella pseudooregonensis S.H. Long & Q.R. Li, sp. nov. MycoBank No: 839656 Fig. 4 Holotype. GMB0041 Etymology. Refers to its similar species of Diatrype oregonensis. Description. Saprobic on decaying branches of unidentified plant. Sexual morph: Stromata pustulate, with groups of 3—16 perithecia, rugose, visible as black, erumpent, scattered, surrounded by a thin, black line in host tissue, solitary to gregarious, 1-3 mm long and 0.5—2 mm broad (av. = 2 x 1.5 mm, n = 30), about 1 mm thick. Endostroma white to light yellow. Ostiole opening separately, papillate or apapillate, central. Perithectum immersed in stroma, globose to subglobose, glabrous, with cy- lindrical neck, brevicollous or longicollous 218.5—465 um high, 112—257 um diam. (av. = 306 x 164 um, n = 10), globose to subglobose, glabrous, ostioles individual. Peridium: 30-50 um thick, dark brown to hyaline with textura angularis cell layers. Asci 95-149 x 6.5-11.5 um (av. = 120 x 10.5 um, n = 30), 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate or cylindrical, long-stalked, apically rounded, apical rings inamyloid. Ascospores 11-16 x 1.5-3.5 um (av. = 14 x 2.5 um, n = 30), irregularly arranged, allantoid, slightly or moderately curved, subhyaline to slightly brown, smooth, aseptate, usually with two oil droplets. Asexual morph: undetermined. Culture characteristics. Ascospores germinating on PDA within 24 hours. Colo- nies on PDA, white when young, became pale brown, dense, but thinning towards the edge, margin rough, white from above, white at margin and light brown at centre from New contributions to Diatrypaceae 15 mata on host substrate D transverse section through ascostroma E vertical section through ascostroma F culture on PDA G section through the ascostroma H ostiolar canal I, J asci K—N ascospores. Scale bars: 20 um (G); 10 um (H=N). 16 Sihan Long et al. / MycoKeys 83: 1-37 (2021) below, no pigmentation produced on PDA medium, no conidia observed on PDA or on OA media. Specimens examined. Cuina, Yunnan Province, Baoshan City, Lancang River Nature Reserve (25°1'19.88"N, 99°35'30.68"E) on branches of an unidentified plant, 5 October 2019. Altitude: 2677 m, Y.H. Pi & Qiong Zhang, LC323 (GMB0041, holotype, KUN-HKAS 112646, isotype, ex-type living culture GMBC0041) Additional specimens examined. Cuina, Yunnan Province, Baoshan City, Lan- cang River Nature Reserve (25°1'13.51"N, 99°35'25.59"E) on branches of an uni- dentified plant, 6 October 2019. Altitude: 2630 m, Y.H. Pi & Qiong Zhang, LC384 (GMB0043, KUN-HKAS 112681, living culture GMBC0043); Cutna, Yunnan Prov- ince, Baoshan City, Lancang River Nature Reserve (25°1'15.00"N, 99°35'39.73"E) on branches of an unidentified plant, 5 October 2019. Altitude: 2698 m, Y.H. Pi & Qiong Zhang, LC312 (GMB0040, KUN-HKAS 112674, living culture GMBC0040); Cut- NA, Yunnan Province, Baoshan City, Lancang River Nature Reserve (25°35'19.09"N, 99°35'19.09"E) on branches of an unidentified plant, 5 October 2019. Altitude: 2569 m, Y.H. Pi & Qiong Zhang, LC193 (GMB0039, KUN-HKAS 112667, living culture GMBC0039); Cuina, Yunnan Province, Baoshan City, Lancang River Nature Reserve (25°1'9.11"N, 99°35'24.80"E) on branches of an unidentified plant, 5 Oc- tober 2019. Altitude: 2649 m, Y.H. Pi & Qiong Zhang, LC335 (GMB0042, KUN- HKAS 112647, living culture GMBC0042); Cutna, Guizhou Province, Anshun City, Pingba District (26°25'9.65"N, 106°24'24.48"E) on branches of an unidentified plant, 1 August 2020. Altitude: 1250 m, Y.H.Pi, PB51 (GMB0044, KUN-HKAS 112693, living culture GMBC0044). Additional sequences. GMB0041 (LSU: MW797062, RPB2: MW814906); GMB0043 (LSU: MW797064, RPB2: MW814907); GMB0040 (LSU: MW797061, RPB2: MW814905); GMB0039 (LSU: MW797059, RPB2: MW814904); GMB0042 (LSU: MW797063); GMLB0044 (LSU: MW979054, RPB2: MW814899). Note. Morphologically, Diatrype has 8 ascospores in a single ascus, while Dia- trypella has more than eight ascospores in each ascus (Senanayake et al. 2015). How- ever, previous research (e.g. Acero et al. 2004 and Trouillas et al. 2011) suggested that both Diatrypella and Diatrype are polyphyletic within the family. In the phylogenetic analyses, Diatrypella pseudooregonensis grouped closely to the D. verruciformis and thus, we consider this new species to belong in the genus Diatrypella, because it is doubtful whether the number of ascospores per asci is useful as a basis for generic classification. Diatrypella vulgaris Trouillas, W.M. Pitt & Gubler, Fungal Diversity 49: 212 (2011) MycoBank No: 519404 Fig. 5 Description. Saprobic on decaying branches of an unidentified plant. Sexual morph: Stromata scattered on the host, 0.8—-1.5 mm long and 0.8—2 mm broad (av. = 1.2 x New contributions to Diatrypaceae le7; Figure 5. Diatrypella vulgaris (GMBO0051, new record for China) A stromata on host substrate; B, C close-up of stroma D transverse sections through ascostroma E vertical section through ascostroma F culture on PDA G section through the ascostroma H, I ostiolar canal J, K asci L-O ascospores. Scale bars: 20 pm (G); 10 um (H-I). 18 Sihan Long et al. / MycoKeys 83: 1-37 (2021) 1.3 mm, n = 30) pustulate, visible as black, rounded to irregular in shape on host surface, semi-immersed, erumpent through host bark, with 2-8 ascomata immersed in one stroma. Endostroma consists of outer dark brown, small, dense, thin parenchy- mal cells and an inner layer of white, large, loose parenchymal cells. Ostiole opening separately, papillate or apapillate, central 710.7—787.2 um high, 270.2422 um diam. (av. = 742 x 363 um, n = 10). Perithecium immersed in stroma, round to oblong, with cylindrical neck, brevicollous or longicollous. Peridium composed of outer layer of dark brown to black, thin-walled cells, arranged in textura angularis, inner layer of hyaline thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Asci 111.4—152.9 x 10.6-17.5 um (av. = 124.5 x 15.5 um, n = 30), polysporous, clavate, long-stalked, apically rounded. As- cospores 8-11 x 1—2 um (av. = 8.9 x 1.7 um, n = 30), overlapping, crowded, allantoid, slightly or moderately curved, smooth, subhyaline, yellowish in mass, aseptate, usually with two oil droplets. Asexual morph: undetermined. Culture characteristics. Ascospores germinating on PDA within 24 hours. Colo- nies on PDA, white when young, became pale brown, dense, but thinning towards edge, medium dense, white from above, reverse side white at margin, flesh to pale brown at centre, no pigmentation produced on PDA medium, no conidia observed on PDA or on OA media. Specimens examined. Cuina, Guizhou Province, Guiyang City, Gaopo Town- ship (26°29'72.02"N, 106°29'55.57"E), on branches of unidentified plant, 30 Octo- ber 2020. Altitude: 1589 m, S.H. Long, GP02 (GMB0051, KUN-HKAS 112697, living culture GMBC0051). Additional sequences. GMB0051 (LSU: MW797051, RPB2: MW814897). Note. The comparison of ITS sequences in NCBI showed that this isolate is 100% similar to the strain of Diatrypella vulgaris (HVGRFO03), isolated from holotype speci- mens. Morphologically, GMB0051 shows the same features as Diatrypella vulgaris. The stromata of these specimens are similar, but ascospores of GMB0051 are thinner than those of the HVGRFO03 (8-10 x 2—2.5 um) and, when compared with the ascospores of strain MFLUCC 17-0128 (4.5-7.5 x 1-2 um), they are shorter than GMBO0051 (Trouillas et al. 2011; Hyde et al. 2017). Here, we use the ITS sequence similarity between the new collection and the type strain of Diatrypella vulgaris as the identifica- tion tool. Diatrypella vulgaris has been reported in Austria and Thailand (Trouillas et al. 2011, Hyde et al. 2017). This is the first report of Diatrypella vulgaris from China. Diatrypella oregonensis (Wehm.) S.H. Long & Q.R. Li, comb. nov. MycoBank No: 839728 = Eutypella oregonensis Wehm. Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 11: 163 (1930) = Diatrype oregonensis (Wehm.) Rappaz, Mycol. helv. 2(3): 420 (1987) Description. See Trouillas et al. (2010). Note. The strains of Diatrype oregonensis (DPL200, CA117) generated from Trouillas et al. (2010) grouped in Diatrypella s. str. Diatrype oregonensis was erected New contributions to Diatrypaceae 19) in 1930 as Eutypella oregonensis (Kauffman 1930). No available sequences from type material were found. After re-examination of holotype specimen of Diatrype oregonen- sis, Trouillas et al. (2010) introduced two strains of Diatrype oregonensis (DPL200 and CA117). Although neither of these strains are ex-type, they are, the most authoritative strains. Here, we tentatively transfer Diatrype oregonensis to Diatrypella as Diatrypella oregonensis, based on the phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 1). Diatrypella oregonensis is simi- lar to D. pseudooregonensis in having 8-spored asci (Rappaz 1987; Trouillas et al. 2011). Nevertheless, we consider that the number of ascospores as a basis for distinguishing Diatrypella from Diatrype is not useful. Allodiatrype Konta & K.D. Hyde Mycosphere 11(1): 247 (2020) Notes. The genus Allodiatrype was introduced by Konta et al. (2020), which was char- acterised by regular or irregular-shaped stromata, erumpent through host surface, asci with 8 spores and aseptate, allantoid ascospores. In this study, we introduce a new record of Allodiatrype thailandica (R.H. Perera et al.) Konta & K.D. Hyde collected from Yunnan Province in China. Allodiatrype thailandica (R.H. Perera et al.) Konta & K.D. Hyde, Mycosphere 11(1): 253 (2020) Mycobank No: 556932 Fig. 6 = Diatrype thailandica R.H. Pereraet al., Fungal Diversity 78: 1-237, [105] (2016) Description. Saprobic on decaying branches of unidentified plant. Sexual morph: Szro- mata watt-like, pustulate, 0.5—1.8 mm long and 0.8—2.2 mm broad (av. = 1.2 x 1.3 mm, n = 30), about 1 mm thick, 1-18 ina single stroma, visible as black, rounded to irregu- lar in shape on the host surface, erumpent through host bark, solitary to gregarious. En- dostroma composed of an outer layer of dark brown to black, small, tightly packed, thin parenchymatous cells and an inner layer of white to yellow, large, loose parenchymal cells. Ostiole opening separately, papillate or apapillate, central. Perithecium immersed in stroma, globose to subglobose, glabrous, with cylindrical short neck, 377-447 um high, 191-264 um diam. (av. = 406 x 221 um, n = 10). Peridium hyaline to dark brown with textura angularis cell layers. Asci 80—-113.5 x 6.9-10 um (av. = 109.3 x 8.5 um, n= 30), 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate, long-stalked, upper part inflated, apically rounded to truncate, apical rings inamyloid. Ascospores 6-11 x 2-2.5 pm (av. = 8.9x 2.3 um, n = 30), irregularly arranged, allantoid, slightly curved, smooth, subhyaline, aseptate, usually with two oil droplets. Asexual morph: undetermined. Culture characteristics. Ascospores germinating on PDA within 24 hours. Colo- nies on PDA, white when young, became pale yellow, irregular in shape, medium dense, flat or effuse, slightly raised, with edge fimbriate, fluffy to fairly fluffy, white 20 Sihan Long et al. / MycoKeys 83: 1-37 (2021) Figure 6. Allodiatrype thailandica (GMBO0050, new record for China) A stromata on host substrate B, C close-up of stromata D transverse section through ascostroma E vertical section through ascostroma F culture on PDA G section through the ascostroma H ostiolar canal I=-K ascospores L=N asci. Scale bars: 20 um (G); 10 um (H=N). New contributions to Diatrypaceae pa from above, reverse side white at margin, pale brown at centre, no pigmentation pro- duced on PDA medium, no conidia observed on PDA or on OA media. Specimens examined. Curna, Yunnan Province, Baoshan City, Lancang River Nature Reserve (24°57'25.35"N, 99°44'22.82"E), on branches of unidentified plant, 2 October 2019. Altitude: 1317 m, Y.H. Pi & Qiong. Zhang, LC103 (GMB0050, KUN-HKAS 112660, living culture GMBC0050). Additional sequences. GMB0050 (LSU: MW797052). Note. The ITS sequence data were subjected to BLAST in NCBI and the results showed that it is 100% similar to Allodiatrype thailandica. Additionally, based on mor- phological and phylogenetic analyses, this strain was identified as the A. thailandica. The stromata are similar, but the ascospores of GMBO0050 are longer and wider than the ascospores of strain MFLUCC 15-3662 (3.8-6.9 x 1—1.4 um) isolated from the holotype specimen, but it is similar to the strain MFLU 17-0735 (6.5-10.7 x 1.6— 2.7 um) (Perera et al. 2020). Here, we use the ITS sequence similarity between the new collection and the type strain of Al/lodiatrype thailandica as basis for identification. A. thailandica has been reported in Thailand in 2016 as Diatrype thailandica and rec- ognised as A. thailandica by Konta et al. (2020). This is the first report of Allodiatrype thailandica from China. Neoeutypella M. Raza, Q.J. Shang, Phookamsak & L. Cai, Fungal Diversity 95: 167 (2019) Note. The genus Neoeutypella was introduced by Phookamsak et al. (2019) and is char- acterised by carbonaceous stromata immersed or semi-immersed on the host, 8-spored asci and hyaline or pale reddish-brown to brown ascospores. In this study, we introduce a new collection of NV. baoshanensis, isolated from Guizhou Province in China. Neoeutypella baoshanensis M. Raza, Q.J. Shang, Phookamsak & L. Cai, Fungal Diversity 95: 168 (2019) Mycobank No: 555372 Fig. 7 Description. see Phookamsak et al. (2019). Specimens examined. Cuina, Guizhou Province, Guiyang City, Gaopo Town- ship (26°29'72.37"N, 106°29'59.33"E), on branches of unidentified plant, 30 Novem- ber 2020. Altitude: 1589 m, S.H. Long, GP01 (GMB0052, KUN-HKAS 112696, living culture GMBC0052). Additional sequences. GMB0052 (LSU: MW797050, RPB2: MW814896). Note. The morphological characteristics of this specimen are consistent with those of N. baoshanensis a species described by Phookamsak et al. (2019). Based on phylogenetic and morphological analyses, we consider that this specimen is Neoeutypella baoshanensis. 22 Sihan Long et al. / MycoKeys 83: 1-37 (2021) Figure 7. Neoeutypella baoshanensis (GMBO0052) A stromata on host substrate B close-up of stromata C transverse section through ascostroma D vertical section through ascostroma E pigments in KOH F culture on PDA G section through the ascostroma H ostiolar canal I, J ascospores K=M asci. Scale bars: 20 um (G); 10 pm (H=M). New contributions to Diatrypaceae 23 Neoeutypella baoshanensis was described as the type species of Neoeutypella on dead wood of Pinus armandii Franch. from Yunnan Province in China (Phookamsak et al. 2019). This is the first record of NV. baoshanensis from Guizhou Province, China. Eutypa Tul. & C. Tul. Notes. Tulasne & Tulasne (1863) introduced the genus Eutypa with Eutypa lata as the type species. This genus includes several phytopathogens, such as E. /ata (Pers.) Tul. & C. Tul. and £. leptoplaca (Durieu & Mont.) Rappaz (Moyo et al. 2017). The morphological characteristics of this genus are black, rounded to irregular-shaped stro- mata on the host surface, erumpent through host epidermis, solitary to gregarious, entostromatic region, consisting of white pseudoparenchymatous cells and thin black pseudoparenchymatous tissue around the white entostroma, 8-spored, spindle-shaped asci and hyaline, oblong to allantoid ascospores (Rappaz 1987; Moyo et al. 2017). We introduce a new species of Eutypa collected from Guizhou Province in China. Eutypa cerasi S.H. Long & Q.R. Li, sp. nov. Mycobank No: 839657 Fig. 8 Holotype. GMB0048. Etymology. Refers to its host, Prunus cerasus. Description. Saprobic on decaying branches of Prunus cerasus. Sexual morph: Stromata immersed in bark, covering surface of host, irregular in shape, widely effused, flat, margin diffuse, surface dark brown to black, with punctiform ostioles scattered at surface. Endostroma consists of an outer layer of black, small, dense, thin parenchymal cells and an inner layer of white, large, loose parenchymal cells. Perithecium semi-im- mersed in stroma, globose to subglobose, glabrous, with cylindrical neck, brevicollous 203-304 um high, 346-477 um diam. (av. = 408 x 250 um, n = 10), ovoid, obovoid to oblong. Ostiole opening separately, papillate or apapillate, central. Peridium 30- 50 um thick, dark brown to hyaline with textura angularis cell layers. Asci 83.2-120 x 5.1-8.2 um (av. = 104.4 x 6.3 um n = 30) 8-spored clavate, unitunicate, rounded to truncate apex, apical rings inamyloid. Ascospores 7.3-9.9 x 1.4—2 um (av. = 8.5 x 1.7 um, n = 30), overlapping, allantoid, slightly curved, subhyaline, smooth, aseptate, usually with oil droplets. Asexual morph: undetermined. Culture characteristics. Ascospores germinating on PDA within 24 hours. Colo- nies on PDA, white when young, became pale yellow, irregular in shape, medium dense, flat or effuse, white from above, reverse white at margin, pale yellow at centre, no pigmentation produced on PDA medium, no conidia observed on PDA or on OA media. Sihan Long et al. / MycoKeys 83: 1-37 (2021) Figure 8. Eutypa cerasi (GMB0048, holotype) A stromata on host substrate B, C close-up of stroma D transverse section through ascostroma E vertical section through ascostroma F culture on PDA G sec- tion through the ascostroma H peridium I-K ascospores L=N asci. Scale bars: 20 um (G); 10 um (H=N). New contributions to Diatrypaceae 25 Specimens examined. Cutna, Guizhou Province, Guiyang City, Aha Lake Na- tional Wetland Park (26°32'50.21"N, 106°40'15.78"E), on branches of Prunus cerasus, 12 August 2020. Altitude: 1089 m, S.H. Long, AH4 (GMB0048, holotype, KUN- HKAS 112685, isotype, ex-type living culture GMBC0048). Additional specimens examined. Curtna, Guizhou Province, Guiyang City, Aha Lake National Wetland Park (26°32'47.79"N, 106°40'21.09"E), on branches of Cerasus sp., 12 August 2020. Altitude: 1089 m, S.H. Long, AH40 (GMB0049, KUN- HKAS 112683, living culture GMBC0049). Additional sequences. GMB0048 (LSU: MW797048, RPB2: MW814894); GMB0049 (LSU: MW797049, RPB2: MW814895). Notes. Eutypa /ata is an important pathogen that has a wide range of hosts. However, the classification of E. /ata is confusing because there are many variants in previous studies; now all are classified as E. /ata (Index Fungorum 2020). Morphologically, the new collection GMB0048 has similar stromata with Eutypa lata, but the ascomata of the new collection are smaller than the ascomata (400 um diam.) of the original description of E. data (Tulasne & Tulasne, 1863). The ascomata and asci of the new collection are smaller than the ascomata (400-600 um diam.) and asci (110-180 x 5-7 um) of the description of £. data (Rappaz 1987). Additionally, in the phylogenetic analyses, E. cerasi is located on a branch that forms a sister clade with EP18 and RGAOI and CBS 290.87 basal to EF. cerasi. Therefore, combining phylogenetic and morphological analyses, we introduce Eutypa cerasi as a new species of Eutypa. Paraeutypella L.S. Dissan., J.C. Kang, Wijayaw. & K.D. Hyde. Notes. Paraeutypella was introduced by Dissanayake et al. (2021) to accommodate Paraeutypella guizhouensis and the genus currently comprises three species. The genus is characterised by poorly developed stromata erumpent through the bark, grouped and irregularly shaped, sometimes confluent, dark brown to black, spindle-shaped, 8-spored asci and allantoid, overlapping, subhyaline ascospores (Trouillas et al. 2011; de Almeida et al. 2016; Dissanayake et al. 2021). In this study, we illustrate Paraeu- typella citricola collected from Guizhou Province in China. Paraeutypella citricola (Speg.). L.S. Dissan., Wijayaw., J.C. Kang & K.D. Hyde, in Dissanayake, Wijayawardene, Dayarathne, Samarakoon & Dai, Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e63864, 14 (2021) Mycobank No: 228646 Fig. 9 = Eutypella citricola Speg., Anal. Mus. nac. Hist. nat. B. Aires 6: 245 (1898) 26 Sihan Long et al. / MycoKeys 83: 1-37 (2021) Figure 9. Paraeutypella citricola(GMB0053) A stromata on host substrate B, C stromata on host D transverse section through ascostroma E vertical section through ascostroma F culture on PDA G section through the ascostroma H ostiolar canal I peridium J—K ascospores L=—O asci. Scale bars: 40 um (G); 10 um (H-O). New contributions to Diatrypaceae 27 Table 2. ‘The dimensions of the present species and some related species of Diatrype and Allodiatrype. Species name Stromata Asci Ascospores Reference Allodiatrype arengae 0.69-0.94 0.37-0.93 54-109 6-10 7-10 2-3 Konta et al. (2020) A. elaeidicola 1.2-2.8 0.9-1.66 60-91 4-7 8-10 1.5-3 Konta et al. (2020) A. elaeidis 0.47—0.86 0.44-0.71 56-95 9-11 8-10 1.5-3 Konta et al. (2020) A. thailandica NA 1-2 55-80 5-7 3.8-6.9 1-1.4 Li et al. (2016) Diatrype acericola 1-2 1-1.5 23-27 5-7 75-9 0.9-1.1 Vasilyeva and Ma (2014) D. albopruinosa 0.5-1 diam. 0.5-1 diam 40-60 10-15 12-15 3.5-4 Vasilyeva and Ma (2014) D. bullata 2-7 diam. = 2-7 diam 25-30 5-7 75-9 Very thin Vasilyeva and Ma (2014) D. disciformis NA NA 75-115 NA 5-9 1.5-2 Senanayake et al. (2015) D. enteroxantha NA 1-3.5 18-28.5 5-9 7-10 1.5-2.5 de Almeida et al. (2016) D. hypoxyloides NA NA 20-25 4-6 4-6 Very thin Vasilyeva and Ma (2014) D. lancangensis NA NA 90.5-160.5 7-15 11-18.5 2-4 This study D. lijiangensis 1 diam. 1 diam 50-90 6-9 6-8 1-2 ‘Thiyagaraja et al. (2019) D. macounii 1-1.8 diam. 1-1.8 diam 25-30 4-6 4-6 0.7-1 Vasilyeva and Ma (2014) D. stigma NA NA 25-30 5-7 6-8 1.5-2 Vasilyeva and Ma (2014) D. subundulata NA NA 35-40 5-7 7-9 1.7-1.9 Vasilyeva and Ma (2014) D. undulata NA NA 25-30 3.5-4.5 5-7 0.9-1.3 Vasilyeva and Ma (2014) D. whitmanensis NA NA 50-82 8-15 7.5-10 1-1.5 Trouilla et al. 2010 Pseudodiatrype hainanensis 2-3.6 1.6-3 110-155.5 6-10 8.5-13 1.5-2.5 This study Newly identified taxa are indicated in bold, NA: No description available. Description. For description, see Dissanayake et al. (2021) Specimens examined. Cu1na, Guizhou Province, Guiyang City: Aha Lake Na- tional Wetland Park (26°20'37.28"N, 108°21'4.34"E), on branches of unidentified plant, 30 August 2020. Altitude: 802 m, S.H. Long, LGS147 (GMB0053, KUN- HKAS 112704, living culture GMBC0053). Additional sequences. GMB0053 (LSU: 797053, RPB2: MW814898). Notes. The ITS sequence data were compared by using NCBI and the result showed that it is 100% similar to the ex-type strain (HVVIT07) of P citricola. The morphological features of the new collection are consistent with those described by Dissanayake et al. (2021). This collection is identified as a P citricolca, based on mor- phological and molecular data. Discussion In this study, one new genus, three new species, two new records from China, a novel combination and two known species were reported from karst areas of China. We used molecular data to delimit the species of Diatrypaceae. The new genus Pseudodiatrype is morphologically similar to Allodiatrype and Diatrype, but distinct in the size of stro- mata, number of ascomata and colour of endostroma; it also formed a distinct branch in the phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 1). Diatrype oregonensis was transferred to Diatrypella oregonensis based on the phylogenetic analyses. Based on phylogenetic analyses, Dia- trypella pseudooregonensis was introduced as an 8-spored species of Diatrypella. 28 Sihan Long et al. / MycoKeys 83: 1-37 (2021) Our phylogenetic analyses, based on ITS and $-tubulin, agree with the previous studies (Acero et al. 2004; Trouillas et al. 2011; Mehrabi et al. 2015, 2016; de Almeida et al. 2016; Shang et al. 2017; Dissanayake et al. 2021; Zhu et al. 2021). However, several genera are not monophyletic;for example, Cryptosphaeria, Diatrype, Diatrypella, and Eutypa. The identification of species of Diatrypaceae has been a problem due to the polyphyletic generic concepts based on the features of the stromata in early research (Fries 1823). Recently, new approaches have been proposed for classifying Diatrypaceae. Acero et al. (2004) proposed to classify them by ITS sequence-based phylogenetic analyses, while Carmaran et al. (2006) suggested that the identification should be based on the morphology of the asci. However, due to the lack of type speci- mens, the lack of 8-tubulin sequence and polyphyletic origins have resulted in molecu- lar data that correlate poorly with morphological criteria used to delineate genera and species within the Diatrypaceae (Acero et al. 2004). Moreover, Acero et al. (2004) has mentioned that Diatrypella quercina should be placed in the genus Diatrype despite its polysporous asci since the molecular data placed Diatrypella quercina in the branch of the genus Diatrype. Diatrype and Diatrypella have morphologically similar verruculose stromata and allantoid ascospores and the polysporous or 8-spored ascus serve as a basis for dis- tinguishing the two genera. However, in phylogenetic analyses, species of these two genera overlap. In this study, we used the phylogenetic analyses as the main basis for classification following Vasilyeva and Stephenson (2005) and Liu et al. (2015). Clade 1 contains Diatrypella verruciformis which is the type species of Diatrypella, of which Diatrypella pseudooregonensis, Diatrypella oregonensis have 8-spored, and other species in clade 1 have polyspored ascus. Clade 12 contains the Diatrype type species Diatrype disciformis, of which Diatrype iranensis and Diatrype macrospora have polyspored as- cus, and other species in clade 12 have 8-spored ascus. Hence, we concluded that the number of ascospores in each ascus cannot be used as a criterion for distinguishing Diatrypella from Diatrype. The phylogenetic tree shows that the classification of Diatrypaceae is confusing. Members of Diatrypella (D. favacea, D. hubeiensis, D. pulvinata and D. yunnanensis) cluster with Diatrype palmicola and Diatrype lancangensis.Maybe this clade should be identified as a new genus. We will discuss its classification status after more strains, more gene sequences and new taxonomic features are collected. Some species of Diatrypella (D. iranensis and D. macrospora) which have polysporous ascus are placed between spe- cies of Diatrype, and they are transferred to Diatrype iranensis and Diatrype macrospora by Zhu et al. (Zhu et al. 2021). Diatrype enteroxantha is often derived from the sister clade of Allodiatrype rather than the Diatrype clade. Additionally, Eutypa microasca (BAFC51550) clusters with Peroneutypa species (Clade 17). The above-mentioned confusion also showed in the original publication and other recent studies (Grassi et al. 2014; Mehrabi et al. 2016; Shang et al. 2018; Hyde et al. 2019; Phookamsak et al. 2019; Konta et al. 2020). Therefore, addressing the taxonomic confusion of this family requires a re-examination of older taxa, based on morphological studies, epitypification and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (Ariyawansa et al. 2014). New contributions to Diatrypaceae 29 Acknowledgements This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32000009 and 31960005); the Fund of the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province ([2020]1Y059); Guiyang Science and Technology Planning Pro- ject No. (2017)30-19; Guizhou Province Ordinary Colleges and Universities Youth Science and Technology Talent Growth Project [2021]154. Nalin N. Wijayawardene would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. NSFC 31950410558), the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medicial University (No. FAMP201906K) and High-Level Talent Recruitment Plan of Yunnan Provinces (“Young Talents” Program and “High-End For- eign Experts” Program); the Fund of High-Level Innovation Talents [No. 2015-4029], the Base of International Scientific and Technological Cooperation of Guizhou Prov- ince [No. [2017]5802]. 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