' Vi 2/3
ot
American Sern Fournal A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS Published by the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY
se
EDITORS
R. C. BENEDICT E. J. WINSLOW C. A. WEATHERBY
VOLUME XXI— 25 ios i os
se APR 5 1935
ee ante + Bn ‘ arr =
CONTENTS VotuME 21, NuMBER 1, Paces 1-48, IssuzD Aprit 6, 1931
Notes on a New Jersey Fern Garden, I. .............-«. We H. Dole: 4 A List of Tennessee Ferns (continued).....W. A. Agile as 11 Botrychium dissectum from Minnesota ................. . Graves 21 Recent Fern Literature
Shorter Not 25 American ex Society 2 29 Fern Books to Lend R. C. Benedict 34
VoLuME 21, NuMBER 2, Paces 49-80, IssuED JuNE 20, 1931
Notes on Xerophytic Ferns F. L. Pickett 49 Notes on a New Jersey Fern Garden, IT. ................... W.H. Dole 57 A List of Tennessee Ferns pele ao LW. A. cae Jr. 64 A Glimpse at Iceland G. Rugg 71 Recent Fern ae 74 Shorter Notes 75 American Fern Society pes
VoLuME 21, NuMBER 3, Paces 81-116, Issurep Ava. 24, 1931
Some Pteridophytes of North Carolina. ............. H. L. Blomquist 81 Studies of Equisetum in European Herbaria.J. H. Scales 90 Notes on a New Jersey Fern Garden, IIT. ..... 103 Fern Notes from Southern California. .........000.....0. a Haley Poss 106 Recent Fern Literature 109 Shorter Notes 111 American Fern Society be 114
VoLUME 21, NuMBER 4, Paces 117-152, Issurp Dec. 2, 1931
1930 Washington Fern Notes J. W. Thompson 117 Botrychiums of the Central States E. W. Graves 125 Tropical American Isoetes T. C. Palmer 132 New Tropical American Ferns W. Rk, Maxon 136 Recent Fern Literature 139
Second Station for eplees. montanum in Massachusetts. S. W. Bailey 140
American Fern Society 144
Index to Volume 21 : as 149
Vol. 21 January-March, 1931 Nowe.
American Sern Journal
A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS
Published by the
AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY
iH EDITORS R. C. BENEDICT E. J. WINSLOW Cc, A. WEATHERBY oe CONTENTS Notes on a New shai Fern Garden.......... W. H. Dore 1 A List of T s(continued).W. A. AnpERson, JR. 11 Botrychium diiectite ani Minnesota...... EL W. Graves 21 Recent Ferm Diterature. ce i eG ea eS 24
2 gle! Notes. An Island Variety of her era penin- s. Fireworks froma‘Fern’’. What Ferns may
eet lacs 25 American Fern Séciety Fe Preah: 29 Fern Books to Lend ae. ©. eek Thi ikea AS eo Fg es + mr r — bl i 2 fi
ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.25; FOREIGN, $1.35 ” APR 1g: LIME & GREEN STS., LANCASTER, RA. U ALE, MASS.
nats era aes She port tet haat er
rate of rovided for in section 191 vutheaised on baie & ae. 8, 1918, ction 1103, Act . 7
Che American Hern Soriety
Gounril for 1931 OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR Witttam R, Maxon, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.,
P ent Mrs. Cartorta C. Haun, Stanford University, Calif....Vice- i a a C. 8S. Lewis, Trinity Rectory, Plattsburg, N. Y.......... Secretary
J. G. UNDERWOOD, Hartland, Vt. a OFFICIAL ORGAN American ane Journal TORS
RatpH C. BENEDICT... a Dorchester spas Eropktes, ja > 4 E. J. Winstow rndale,
C. A. WEA ee eae aaa:
An illustrated quarterly devoted to the general study of ferns.
a _ 25 per year, foreign, 10 cents extra; sent free
embers of AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY (annual dues,
1. 50; life Geutennie $25.00). Extracted reprints, if ordered in
advan ance, will be furnished authors at cost. They should be ordered when proof is returned,
Volume I, six numbers, $2.00; other tagcat $1.25 each. Single back oygercge 35 cents each. Vol. I, n vol. IIT, nos, 2, 3, and 4; and no. 1 cannot be eek oak "with complete volumes, Ten cent, dise orders of six volumes or more.
Matter for publication should be addressed to BR. C. Benedict at ' 1819 Dorehester Road, or Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1000 Wash- ington Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Orders for back numbers should be sent to the Secretary of the Brooklyn Botanie Garden, Brooklyn, N. Y. er business com- munications should be addressed to E, J. Wrystow, Auburndale,
ount to members and institutions on
CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM L, 8, Hopxins Culver-Stockton College, Canton, Mo,
A regular loan department is maintained in connection with the Society herbarium. Members ma: many bottow specioens from it at
American Fern Journal
Vol. 21 _ JANUARY-MARCH, 1931 Nov I
Notes on a New Jersey Fern Garden—I.
W. Hersert DoLe
The fern garden, a portion of which is shown in the accompanying illustration, is located in West Orange on the eastern slope of First Orange Mountain. The garden was of slow development arid became a fern garden largely because of changing conditions.
A new house built close to the south lot line and the growth of trees set out some years earlier made it neces- sary to find plants suitable for a shady location.
The natural slope was accentuated by removing the soil for a depth of from two to four feet from the central portion of the plot to give a sunken garden effect, with banks on three sides and the middle part sloping gradu- ally toward the east.
The fern garden is on the shady south side facing north, while the other two sides facing east and south are being developed as a rock garden. The central por- tion has been seeded as a lawn, but it is planned ulti- mately to inelude a small irregular pool for water plants and additional flower beds.
The illustration shows the southwest angle where rock and fern gardens meet and a path of flat stones. Rustic steps lead up at the right and turn to the left around
[Volume 20, No. 4 of the JourNAL, pages 129-164, plates 7-9, was issued Jan. 6, 1931 1
VOLUME 21, PLATE 1
. * > Mi ». a : ot ee ee D> oak bine, = Te * Rei a .
‘+
Notes oN A FERN GARDEN 2
the flowering cherry tree, of which only the dark trunk and branches are visible in the photograph.
Along the lot line at the back, a cleft chestnut fence makes an attractive back-ground for the ferns and helps to conceal the lower portions of the neighboring house. In fact the house is almost non-existent as far as the garden is concerned, as the cherry tree, a white pine, mountain ash and other trees and shrubs almost com- pletely screen it and give the effect of a bit of woodland. A large flat pene marks the entrance to the path ae the ‘‘ woods.’
On the right is a royal fern (Osmunda regalis) ; this was found six or seven years ago, an old and stunted little fern growing in the middle of a dry field—prob- ably a survival of a departed wooded tract. It was moved to its present position, which it found to its liking, and each year it grows larger and taller until it has be- come a fine specimen with fronds three feet six inches, or more, in height. A number of royal fern sporelings have come up near by which will have to be moved be- fore they grow so large that they will crowd their neighbors.
At the center and to the left of Osmunda regalis is a marsh fern clump (Dryopteris Thelypteris) which has to be watched lest it get out of bounds. It is an at- tractive fern when kept as a specimen, but its numerous sporelings must be weeded out, as together with the sporelings of lady fern (Athyrium angustum) and of bladder fern (Cystopteris bulbifera) they would soon take possession of all available space. Generally these young ferns are permitted to grow where they come up,
for a year or two as, while small, they make beautiful
little rock ferns. Other ferns along the path are fragile bladder (Cystop- teris fragilis), rusty woodsia (Woodsia ilvensis), Christ-
4 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
mas fern (Polystichum acrostichoides), and ebony spleen- wort (Asplenium platyneuron).
Around the trunk of the cherry tree is a thriving eolony of Dryopteris spinulosa and Dryopteris inter- media. These also sow themselves freely; spinulosa especially has appeared here and there among the other ferns.
In the distance against the fenee may be seen a tall Silvery Spleenwort (Athyrium acrostichoides) in com- pany with marginal shield fern (Dryopteris marginalis), lady fern (Athyrium angustum), New York fern ( Dryop- teris noveboracensis) and others.
The stones are local field stones found on the place or dug up in the process of grading. They were not ideal material for the purpose, being mostly too round, but were used, as they were at hand, and have been arranged to give as nearly as possible the appearance of a natural outcropping. To begin with there was nothing but the red clay soil so typical of northern New Jersey, but gradually this was removed to a depth of eight inches to a foot and as stones were set in place new soil was put in consisting of varying mixtures of black wood-mold, loam, peat-moss, sand and gravel.
In moving ferns it is found a good plan to observe the conditions under which they grow—exposure, soil, drain- age, ete—and to try to reproduce as nearly as possible the same conditions in the garden.
Of the forty odd ferns so far tried, all have done well except some of the Botrychiums. The latter have con- tinued to grow over a period of several years, but have up to date produced only undersized sterile fronds. Further experimenting will no doubt solve the problem of their requirements.
Besides the varying shades of green displayed by the ferns, this corner of the garden is brilliant with other
Notes ON A FERN GARDEN 5.
colors, especially in the spring when the double flowering cherry is loaded with its clusters of rose-like flowers.
Above the large stone at the center is a group of white trillium (wake-robin) and the pink flowers of Daphne cneorum and in the shadow to the left are fine clumps of hepaticas—pink and blue. Above to the left is a dwarf magnolia with large white blossoms that lighten up the garden for several weeks in the early spring.
Seattered about on the miniature cliffs are early saxi- frages, mossy saxifrages in pink and white, wintergreen, partridge berries and other wood flowers. Yellow lady slippers (Cypripedium pubescens) seem well naturalized and have blossomed for a number of years.
At the upper right a group of Azalea mollis adds bril- lianey in the late spring with a glowing mass of orange, yellow and salmon pink flowers and just below are clus- tered spikes of coral bells (Heuchera sanguinea).
At the foot of the rocks, below and in front of the ferns are groups of shade-loving dwarf irises—cristata in two shades of lavender and the white variety, cristata alba, minuta with yellow flowers and gracilipes with in- numerable dainty flowers of pale lavender which remain in bloom over a long period of four weeks or more. This year Iris verna has been placed among the rocks; it has bloomed in another part of the garden and it is hoped it may be naturalized among the ferns.
Late in summer there are pink Anemone hupehensis— some may be seen in the picture against and to the left of the dark trunk of the cherry tree. The stones of the path itself are covered in places with patches of Sedum acre bright with its tiny yellow flowers and in the erev- ices are little yellow violets from western New York.
PouypopiumMs
When the first stones were being arranged, preliminary to the planting of ferns, it was found that several of the
6 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
larger stones fitted together very snugly making a natu- ral looking ledge with a Jong nearly horizontal fissure; just the place for rock ferns. It seemed to suggest Polypodium virginianum. A few days later a visit was made to a shady traprock hillside where polypody grows in abundanee and after a short search I found just what was wanted, a long row of the ferns growing between layers of rock which, luckily, it was found could be easily separated. <A flat mat of roots imbedded in black leaf mold, with the green fronds like a fringe all along one edge, was extracted without the need of any cutting or subdividing.
This polypody mat was rolled up, for convenience in carrying, and was, later, found to fit almost exactly into the place prepared for it. The upper stones were raised and the mat of roots set in place, the stones were put back carefully so as not to crush the plants and to make sure that all possible voids were packed with leaf mold and sand; then a good watering and so far as any one could tell it might have been a long established planting. It may be noted that the slope of rock face and the dip of the fissure permits rain water or spray from a hose to run down naturally into the fissure and to reach the roots. :
This colony of polypody has now been in place six or _ seven years; it has received almost no care except for frequent watering during dry spells and a general cleaning up in the spring to remove old dry fronds and ~ leaves that have lodged among the ferns during the winter. : - Just below the polypody, as may be seen in the photo- graph, is a colony of maidenhair spleenwort (Asplenium — Trichomanes). These were set in place about the same — time as the Polypodium and are well established. j
AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 21, PLATE 2
/
POLYPODIUM VIRGINIANUM, IN PLACE ABOUT SEVEN YEARS.
8 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
The vertical fissure in which they grow seems, how- ever, to be a favorite lodging place for spores of other ferns, and every once in a while it is necessary to re- move intruding little plants of Lady, marsh or fragile bladder ferns.
Just to the right in a cool spot protected from the sun, is a thriving specimen of Hart’s-tongue fern.
PHEGOPTERIS HEXAGONOPTERA
Broad Beech fern occurs locally in West Orange; it may be found in abundance within a few minutes’ walk of my home and was therefore, naturally, one of the first to find a place in the fern garden.
It grows in a sunny open woods on the easterly slope of First Orange Mountain where the ground is quite wet in the spring but dry in summer. It is associated with Interrupted fern (Osmunda Claytoniana), New York and Lady fern all of which, are even more abun- dant than Broad Beech fern.
Gathering ferns for one’s garden is not always as simple as might be expected. In this case I started out for a walk one Sunday afternoon, with my wife, intend- ing to stop on the way for a few plants of Phegopteris hexagonoptera. We had found a fine specimen and as I was stooping to put aside the weeds and grasses grow- ing around it, my hand evidently came in contact with a hornets’ nest. The fiery insects swarmed at me and be- fore I could beat a retreat they registered five stings. One of them made a beeline for my wife, who was some twenty feet away. She thought she had been hit by a red hot cinder, but soon realized what was up and put distance between herself and the hornets.
Not wishing to lose the fern I soon went back and strange to say, although the hornets fiew about me they
AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 21, PLATE 3
5 Side corte A:
“ ea Var ; *, ~~ Pie HE
ae oa ee.
HoLuy FERN
10 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
did not attack again and I obtained the fern without any more stings.
The Broad Beech fern is easily grown and no special preparation of soil was made. After planting, some compost and leaf mold was seattered in about the plants.
In the garden they have grown larger than they were in the woods and make a beautiful background for my bog garden, which was an addition made to the fern garden several years later. One of the fronds recently measured was twelve inches in length and fourteen inches wide. Including the stipe the total length was well over two feet. |
The illustration shows also some plants of Braun’s Holly fern (Polystichum Braunii). These were sent to me from Massachusetts so I am not familiar with their natural habitat, but I assumed they needed good drain- age and planted theni in a raised bed of stones well packed with sand and gravel mixed with a little humus and near the surface a richer mixture composed of sand, humus and peat moss. They are in a position to get a little morning sun and they seem perfectly at home as they keep in fine condition and have grown much larger than when first received in the spring of 1929.
West ORANGE, NEW JERSEY
List or TENNESSEE F'ERNS 11
A List of Tennessee Ferns
W. A. ANDERSON, JR. (Continued from Vol. 20, p. 150.)
DENNSTAEDTIA PUNCTILOBULA (Michx.) Moore
Syn. Dicksonia punctilobula (Michx.) Gray. Cold oe Knob, Greene County, June 23, 1928, Anderson 13
ue nee ae Gregory . ses Cades Cove, Blount County, July 6, 1928, Anderson, 1
Foot of pa s ge: Cades Cove, Blount County, June 14, 1928, Anderson, 969.
paadaas| Wine: dine Sevier County, June 10, 1928, Ander-
a ey wie Gatlinburg, Sevier County, Oct. 2, 1927, Anderson,
610. Elkmont, Sevier County, Aug., 1921, A. R. Bechtel. White Cliff Springs, Monroe County, June 29, aa Seribner. as pee summit, Polk County, —————,, 1878, Gattinger. ast Tenn County,
, 1887, Mrs. Bennett (in Gattinger’s collection).
ATHYRIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Michx.) Milde
Syn. Asplenium angustifolium Michx. Roaring Fork, Gatlinburg, Sevier County, June 10, 1928, Ander- 949,
Lemon’s Gap, Cocke County a og ), July 15, 1892, Ruth, 557.
Tullahooma Cataract, Coffee County, —————, 1867, Gattinger.
Near Post Oak Springs, Roane ees Maxon, Fern Bulletin, 1901
Eagleville, Rutherford County, ————, 1893, Bain. ATHYRIUM AcRosTIcHowwEs (Sw.) Diels Syn. Asplenium acrostichoides Sw. I collected this fern at two places along the Tennessee- North Carolina state line ridge. These places were sev-
eral miles apart, but both were in deciduous forest at an altitude of about 5000 ft.
12 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
Near gap on state line ridge, Gregory’s Bald, Cades Cove, Blount County, July 6, 1929, Anderson, 1373.
Indian Gap Trail near state line, Gatlinburg, Sevier County, July 21, 1929, Anderson and Jennison, 1420.
Walden’s Ridge, —-———,, Mrs. Bennett (in Gattinger’s collee- tion).
Tunnel Hill, Hamilton County, —————,, 1884, Gattinger.
Missionary Ridge, Chattanooga, -————, J. H. Ferriss.
Atuyrium Finrx-remma (L.) Roth
Syn. Asplenium Filix-femina (.) Bernh.
When ‘‘The Ferns of Tennessee’? was published in —
1929, the specimens at hand seemed to fit Athyrium angustum (Willd.) Presl, according to Butters’ revision, (1917), though Butters states that this species does not oceur so far south. Much of the material I examined was old and the sori were not well preserved, so I based my determinations for the most part on shape of fronds and length of stipes. A number of specimens were col- lected during the summer of 1929 for the purpose of settling the question of the identity of the lady ferns in that region. All of these have been critically examined with the help of Mr. Weatherby, and all proved to be the form separated by Butters as Athyrium asplenioides (Michx.) Desvy. One set of specimens collected in the balsam woods at the top of Clingman’s Dome is a pos- sible exception. The specimens of lady fern from Ten- nessee show a great diversity of form and habit, and it is only upon spore and indusium characters that they may be successfully separated as A. asplenioides. Near Camp Jerry, Cold Spring Knob, Greene County, Tenn.-N. C. line, June 23, 1928, Anderson and Jennison, 1086. In balsam wood near top of Clingman’s Dome, Sevier County, Tenn.-N. . bees (6600 ft.), July 21, 1929, Anderson and Jenniso Mt. Le eS ee Sevier County, Oct. 2, 1927, Ander- son, 602.
ghee ee NR A hee ie
List oF TENNESSEE FERNS 13
Sugarland Mountain, Sevier County, Aug. 21, 1921, A. R. Bechtel.
Pinnacle Mountain, near Greenbrier, Sevier County, Oct. 9, 1927, Anderson, 689.
Near Gap on State Line Ridge, (5000 ft.) Gregory’s Bald, Cades Cove, Blount County, July 6, 1929, Anderson, 1374. Near end of Forked ae peels s Bald, oe Dade Blount
County (2000 ft.), J , 192 ee rson Frog Mountain, Polk Ob —_———, $78, sae inger Creek west of Daysville, ree nati she 14, 1929,
4, Sewanee, Franklin County, Sept., ce 8, Perini cate na, Coffee County, June, R. ek Vw Gattinger’s
on). maker Station, Turner County, Aug. 27, 1883, Gattinger. opos Rock Junction, (now Bruceton), Carroll County, Aug. 22, Svenson 39 8. EY Sp Pas Chester Cee: 1892, Bain. Memphis, May 12, 1920, E. J. Padsibe, 17,461.
PHYLLITIS SCOLOPENDRIUM (L.) Newm.
Syn. Scolopendrium vulgare Sm.
The hart’s tongue fern has been reported from two stations in Tennessee, Post Oak Springs, and near South Pittsburg. ‘The first was discovered by Gattinger in 1849, but the fern has since disappeared (Maxon, Fern. wort Papers, 1900). The South Pittsburg station is a famous one and has been much visited by collectors (Maxon, 1900). Graves (1930) reports that only six plants were there in 1929, so it seems likely that the fern will disappear from this place also. There is no speci- men.from Tennessee in Gattinger’s collection, and I had no opportunity to make a trip to South Pittsburg, so it was only after I came to the Gray Herbarium that I received definite information as to the occurrence of this rare fern in Tennessee. The one specimen I have seen is from
South Pittsburg, Marion County, A. A. Eaton collection. Col-
lected by E. L. Lee, letter dated Pe 18, 1906. oe
14 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
CAMPTOSORUS RHIZOPHYLLUS (L.) Link
Roaring Fork, Gatlinburg, Sevier County, June 10, 1928, Ander-
son, 952. Knoxville, Sept. 20, 1897, Ruth, 559. — a rs scr ria Marion County, J. H. Ferriss, Fern Bul-
Seer hoe Suk Springs, Roane County, W. R. Maxon, Fern Bulletin, 1901.
Carter cons Aug., 1891, E. E. Gay
Rock Island, ae ae i oe "1871, A. R. Crandall.
Nashv ie pt., 8, Gattin
Notiadeitis Pike, a ah sir 8, 1922, Svenson, 68.
ASPLENIUM PINNATIFIDUM Nutt.
We searched eagerly for this rare spleenwort, but were never so fortunate as to find it. All the specimens I have seen are from the Cumberlands, and from Look- out Mountain.
sigs Falls, Lookout Mountain, Hamilton County, June 4, 1911,
. R. Churchill
Rue County, ‘Soc 21, 1882, C. Lown
Helenwood, Scott County, Hee. 1884, C. ‘Tawk
Cavern near South Pittsburg, Masien County, J. H. Ferriss, Fern
Bulletin, 1899. ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES L. oe haa Gatlinburg, Sevier County, June 10, 1928, Ander- s
Caden rei Blount County, se 15, 1928, Anderson, 1020. gress Bald Creek, Cherokee National Pureet, Monroe County,
. 21, 1928, Anderson, 103 $s. Hiwassee River, Monroe County, July 3, behles “gegen Wolf Creek, Cocke County, May 9, 1893, K
Piney Falls, Rhea County, —————_, ier. Gea Bennett (in Gattinger’s collection). ‘ Parksville, Polk County, Aug., 1878, Gattinger. :
Asplenium Trichomanes L. forma incisum Moore is reported from “‘East Tennessee’’ by J. H. Ferriss, Fern — Bulletin. VI: 54, 1899. |
List or TENNESSEE FERNS 15
ASPLENIUM RESILIENS Kze.
Syn. A. parvulum Mart. & Gal.
Bluffs: near Knoxville, Oct. 11, 1927, Anderson, 706.
Johnson County, July 8, 1880, J. D. Smith.
Post ese ne rings, Roane County, aig 6, 1900, Pollard and
Max
Sisedeck alls ee July 4, 1880, siiaonecie
Wolf Creek, Cocke County, Aug., 1881, Gattinger
Fentress County, Noy. oh "1889, C. Lown.
Rocks near Nashville, Sept., --———, Gattinger.
Along Duck River, Hemuheess Cieeesty, Sept. 1, 1928, Ander- son, 1055.
ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON (L.) Oakes
Syn. A. ebeneum Ait.
The genus Asplenium is well represented in Tennessee and this one is the most conspicuous species. In numeri- eal abundance it ranks with the Christmas fern and the brittle fern. It is not particular in its soil requirements and grows equally well in the valley and in the moun-
’ tains.
Tipton’s Pays Cove, Cades Cove, Blount County, June 14, 1928, Ander 985. pete ot Gatlinburg, Sevier County, June 10, 1928, Ander-
Haan 7 ee Broad River, Wolf Creek, Cocke County, Oct. 7, 1928, Anderson and Jennison, 1117.
Bluffs near Knoxville, ae 11, 1927, Anderson, 705.
Bird Preserve, Knoxvi Max. 25, 1926, Jennison
White Cliff Springs, aK County, June, 1890, Beri
Lee’s Spring, Grainger County, May 17, 1927, R. G. oS
On sandstone by creek, Daysville, emule County, July 14, 1929, Anderson, Jennison and Hes
——. Springs, pero a pee a1, ‘1922, Svenson, 23.
ashville, —-_———, 1878, Gattinger. ee Dick River, Aeaebeane es, Sept. 1, 1928, Anderson,
tie Madison County, —————,, 1893, Ba Edgefield, Bedford County, June 8, 1883, fica
16 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
x ASPLENIUM EBENOIDES R. R. Seott
With Asplenium platyneuron and Camptosorus rhizo- phyllus both plentiful in the state, it was inevitable that the hybrid Asplenium ebenoides should be found some- where, so we were always watching for it but were never so fortunate as to encounter it. The honor of adding this interesting plant to the state list goes to Mr. E. W. Graves, who reports it from Beersheba Springs, August, 1929. I have not seen his specimen. (See Graves, 1930.) :
ASPLENIUM BraDLey! D. C. Eaton
In the original description of this fern Eaton (1873) cites the locality as ‘‘Top of Walden’s Ridge, Cumber- land Mts., near Coal Creek, East Tennessee.’” There is a specimen in the Gray Herbarium labeled ‘‘ Mts. of E. Tenn. F. H. Bradley, 1873’’ which is undoubtedly a part of the type collection.
_ Asplenium Bradley? is a rare fern. Its range extends through the southern Appalachians and north to New York, but it is to be found only by knowing exactly where to look. My only specimen is from the sandstone cliffs of Signal Mountain, above Chattanooga. Signal Mountain is the end of Walden’s Ridge, which is the first ridge of the Cumberlands on the east. Asplenium Bradleyi is one of those ferns which grow in the Cumber- land Mountains in Tennessee but not in the Alleghany range.
The following note from Nature, 61: 458, 1900, doubt- less accounts for the report that Asplenium viride had been found in Tennessee.
‘‘Linnean Society, Feb. 15, Mr. C. B. Clarke, F. R. S., Vice President, in the chair.
‘‘Mr. R. Morton Middleton exhibited a series of speci- mens of Asplenium Bradleyi Eaton, one of the rarer
List or TENNESSEE FERNS 17
rock ferns from Tennessee, to show its extreme variabil- ity. The simplest fronds exhibited were found in a damp, cold, perpendicular rift, which no sunshine could enter, at an elevation of about 1700 feet; these fronds had the simple pinnate structure, with green rachis, and rounded, toothed pinnae of A. viride Hudson, but were more coriaceous than in that species. Dr. Gattinger, author of the ‘‘Tennessee Flora,’’ was satisfied that the plant was A. viride; and General Kirby Smith, who had ample opportunity for studying A. Bradleyi on the eastern slopes of the Cumberland Plateau remarked that A. viride and A. Bradleyi were so much alike that they might be varieties. The other plants exhibited, however, showed a gradual tendency to become more and more compound, culminating in a luxuriant specimen with pinnatifid fronds 10 inches long, the green rachis becom- ing yurek and shining in all plants exposed to the sun’s rays.’
Lookout Mountain, Hamilton County, Apr. 24, 1906, T. O.
Fuller.
Signal Mountain, Hamilton County, June 22, 1929, Anderson, Jennison and Hesler, 1332.
South Pittsburg, Marion County, June 12, 1892, R. M. Middle- ton, Jr. :
Penncaies and Virginia line, —————, 1875, W. Faxon. Helenwood, Scott County, ie: 1884, C. Lown
ASPLENIUM MONTANUM Willd.
Asplenium montanum is of frequent occurrence, though its small size and its habit of growing only in crevices of sandstone cliffs makes it rather hard to find. The finest specimens I found were near the top of the Chimneys in the Smoky Mountains. I saw it growing also underneath the ledges where the guns are placed on Lookout Mountain, but did not collect any from that locality as it is a publie park.
18 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
The original description of Asplenium montanum
gives ‘‘Habitat in altis montibus Carolinae.’’ Sp 5: 342. Sinks of mee os Elkmont, Sevier County, June 30, 1929, Anderso
ae of is, (4500 ft.), Gatlinburg, Sevier County, Apr. 7 1928, sai ss Jennison, 1179. Hee trail above A , Mt. Le Conte, Gatlinburg, Sevier County, (5000 ft. - olay a 1929, Anderson, 1251. Top of House Mountain, Luttrell, Tnibe County, Apr. 27, 1929, Anderson, 1186. “as Cliff Springs, Monroe County, June 29, 1890, Seribner out Mountain, Hamilton County, —————, 1889 Gattungen. ners ne cli miles west of Daits, Cuntbetiand County, July 14, 1929, Anderson, Jennison and ea 1384. Hel about Scott County, Nov., 1884, C. L Walden’s Ridge, May 18, 1906, Fuller.
ASPLENIUM CRYPTOLEPIS Fernald
Syn. A. Ruta-muraria of authors in pt.
Since Asplenium cryptolepis is a true calciphile it is found only in the limestone regions of the state, and is not found in either of the iene ranges.
Tennessee-Virginia Line, —-———,, 1875, W. Faxo Post Oak eae Roane County, me 6, 1900, pelea and Max
ekion fees below Concord, Knox County, July, 1872, W. Faxon. Rocks along Tennessee River, Knox County, May 30, 1897,
Carter County: July, 1891, E. E. Gayle.
Nashville, Sept., 1888, Cattiiger.
ae Duck River, Humphreys County, Sept. 1, 1928, Anderson, 1057
WoopwarbIia AREOLATA (Li.) Moore
Chilhowee Flats, (3000 ft.), Blount County, Aug. 29, 1891, Beardslee and Kofoid. White Cliff Springs, Monroe County, July, 1890, Scribner.
List or TENNESSEE FERNS 19
Hollow Rock dice d he: Brueceton), Carroll County, Aug. 27, 1922, Svenson Hollow Rock, Carroll Cae Gattinger. Forked Deer Bottoms, Jackson, Madison County, Sept., 1892, Bain. PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA (L.) Link The purple cliff brake is abundant on limestone cliffs throughout East Tennessee. pede near ae 11, 1927, Anderson, 701. ston wohl July, 1872, W. Fax so h Pittsburg, aiase County, aa 3, 1900, Pollard and
Max ee pens. July 8, 1880, J. D. Sm Post Oak Be ings, Roane County, Aug. . gre Pollard and
Max Carter pees Aug., 1891, E. E. Gay Snail Shell Cave, Rusbartasa count Jay, 1890, Bain Lavergne, Rutherford County, Aug. 12, 1922, Seempin: 211. se Duck River, nwuhbers mes ‘Sept. 1, 1928, Anderson,
054. cae Paes near Eagleville, Rutherford County, July, 1892, Bai
Ne ese ALABAMENSIS (Buckley) Kunze Cheilanthes alabamensis grows almost within the city limits of Knoxville but I never happened to find it. I have seen a number of specimens which other people have collected there, but the only place I found it was about 300 miles west along the Duck alte Holston River near Knoxville, July, 1872, W. Tennessee River near Knoxville, July 11, Pe aes Near ser Pidebere Marion County, J. H. Ferriss, Fern Bul- letin, 1899. Mill Creek, Nashville, Sept., a Gattinger. Clarksville, Montgomery County, May 25, 1920, Palmer 17,636. Along Duek River, nk oe boa. Sept. 1, 1928, Anderson 1053
CHEILANTHES LANOSA (Michx.) Watt Along cliff by railroad, Kinzel Springs, Blount County, May 8, 1929, Anderson, 1246.
20 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
Chilhowee Mountain, Blount County, July, 1881, Gattinger. Dandridge, Tekorson County, July, 1872
Tellico Plains, Monroe County, Suse 1882 2, A. @ ee Near Knoxville, July 17, 1904, Ruth, 567.
Near Lookout Mountain, Hamilton County, May 6, 1906, Fuller. Carter County, July, 1891, E. E. Gayle.
Cataract at Tullahooma, Coffee County, June, 1867, Gattinger. Mill Creek Bluff, Nashville, Sept., 1878, Gattinger.
Erin, Houston County, May 24, 1920, Palmer, 17,609.
ens seein River, oanphedys County, Sept. 1, 1928, Ander-
CHEILANTHES TOMENTOSA Link Cliffs on French Broad River, May, 1893, Kearney. Ocoee Valley, Aug., 1879, Gatting Base of cliff by railroad, Kinzel ies Blount County, May 5 eed, Anderson, 1247 Telli
Gores of Tellico River, Mecho County, Aug., 1882, A. G. We
therby. Lookout Mountain, ips County, ae 25, 1906, Fuller. Parkville, Polk County, 4 ate
South Pittsburg, rhe County, Cee 1892, Middleton. (To be continued)
BoTrRYCHIUM DISSECTUM FROM MINNESOTA 21
Botrychium dissectum from Minnesota E. W. GRAVES
In the spring of 1930 I wrote to Prof. F. K. Butters, of the University of Minnesota, asking him if the Uni- versity herbarium contained any specimens of Botry- chium dissectum or Botrychium obliquum, and about how many had been found in the state. He replied that their herbarium contained no specimen of B. dissectum, and while it had several sheets labeled B. obliquum, he felt that they were not determined correctly, and that they were in reality B. ternatum var. intermedium. Prof. Butters offered to lend me the specimens for my study. I accepted the offer, and after carefully looking them over, I decided that Prof. Butters was correct in his decision. ©
Shortly after I had returned the University speci- mens, Prof. Butters wrote me that Dr. Rosendahl had returned from the field with a plant of Botrychium dis- sectum, which he had collected in Rice County, Minne- sota, 5 miles east of Faribault. He stated that it was a large plant but not fruiting and entirely typical. One statement that interested me was that he saw no other Botrychiums in the vicinity. This is one more point in favor of my theory that B. dissectum is a valid species. I believe that the Minnesota plant grew from spores of B. dissectum that had been earried there, perhaps in soil on the feet of birds.
The Botrychium dissectum station here at Bentons- port, Iowa, that I located in 1926, containing 31 plants, has continued to thrive and produce only B. dissectum plants. In the four years I have had it under observa- tion no plants of B. obliquum have appeared at the sta- tion. Several small plants have come up at different times but all have developed into B. dissectum plants.
2 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
In 1926 one plant fruited and east its spores. In the fall of 1927 about a dozen and a half young plants appeared, and those that survived now show that they are all B. dis- sectum. I counted 48 plants late in 1927. In 1928 I counted 51 plants. In 1929 there were only 38 plants, but that was due perhaps to the fact that the station had been disturbed by children. This year, 1930, I counted only 33 plants but this has been one of the driest sum- mers Iowa has experienced for many years. I noticed two plants drying up in August, and the drouth was perhaps responsible for the decrease in number this year.
In 1928 I made a trip to St. Louis, Missouri, and called at the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden. I obtained permission of Dr. Greenman, who has charge of the herbarium, to look over the Botrychiums deposited there. I found B. dissectum was represented by only four sheets from west of the Mississippi River. Two sheets by H. Eggert, from St. Louis County, were col- lected Sept., 1887. One sheet, by G. W. Letterman, was from Allerton, Missouri, a large specimen. One sheet, by Colton Russel, from Annapolis, Mo., collected Sept., 1900, growing with ternatum. I suppose he meant B. obliquum, as B. ternatum does not usually oceur this far south. This is the only station that mentions B. dis- sectum growing with B. obliquum west of the Mississippi River. East of the river it grows quite commonly with B. obliquum. There were two other sheets that were of - special interest to me. One, of two specimens of B. dis- sectum, was collected by Miss Sadie Price, at Chipley. Florida, in . One sheet of four specimens was by Eaton, from Cades Cove, Tennessee. Cades Cove is about twenty miles southeast of Knoxville. I made a statement in Vol. 17, page 18, that I knew of no B. dis- sectum being collected south of the 36th parallel; this is ’ to eorrect that statement.
BoTrRYCHIUM DISSECTUM FROM MINNESOTA 23
Recently I wrote to Dr. W. N. Steil, of the University of Wisconsin, asking him if B. dissectum grew in Wis- consin, and he replied he has never known of a single plant being found there. J have in my possession the specimens of the B. ternatum group from the Publie Museum of Milwaukee, and I found no B. dissectum in the material. Strange as it may appear, B. obliquum is represented by only one specimen. Strange also that B. dissectum has not been found there. West of the Mississippi River Minnesota has one station, Iowa has one and Missouri has three. All of these stations are about the same distance west of the Mississippi River, that is, around fifty miles. As the Mississippi River bears to the east in its course southward it makes the station at Faribault, Minnesota, the farthest west of all the stations. The Missouri stations are near the 91st meridian, the Iowa station is on the 92nd, the Minnesota Station is just west of the 93rd.
More than a year ago I wrote Mr. E. J. Palmer, who has done considerable collecting in the Mississippi River valley region, asking him if he had found B. dissectum west of the river. His reply was that he had not, but that in Illinois he had found it quite commonly, but always with B. obliquum.
It has always been a question with me why B. dis- sectum usually grows with B. obliquum.
There is a theory that has been advanced that Botry- chium spores are dependent on symbiotic fungus for germination. To prove whether this theory holds good or not I have been making some experiments in sowing B. dissectum and B. obliquum spores. The first two or three years I sowed the spores without inoculating the soil, and I have failed to get them to grow. Now Iam doing it differently. I sow spores of B. dissectum on soil inoculated from the parent station. I have also tried —
24 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
sowing B. obliquum spores on soil from the parent sta- tion. Then I sowed B. dissectum spores on soil from the B. obliquum station and vice versa. The result is yet to be obtained. The idea came to me that perhaps B. dis- sectum will grow with the same bacteria from either station. It that be true then we might be able to solve the problem why B. dissectum and B. obliquum are usu- ally found growing together. Undoubtedly neither B. obliquum nor B. dissectum grow well with B. ter- natum var. intermedium, else we would find them grow- ing in Wiseonsin and Minnesota more plentifully. This will be taken’ up more fully in another paper I am pre- paring on the Botrychiums of the Mississippi River val- ley region.
BENTONSPORT, IowA
Recent Fern Literature
Ching, R. C., ‘‘The Studies of Chinese Ferns—I,”’ contribution from the Metropolitan Museum of Natural History, Academia Sinica I: p. 43-46, pl. 1-7, April, 1930.
This paper, ‘‘The Studies of Chinese Ferns—I,”’ is published as the first of a series designed to present a record of new or little understood fern species in China. Mr. Ching describes new species in Cyrtomium, Poly- podium, Coniogramme, Diplazium, Adiantum, Lindsaya and Elaphoglossum, and discusses a considerable number of other forms about which there has been some uncer- tainty of identification. He reports in addition, as foot- notes, two interesting facts. First, for five years he has | been engaged on a ‘“‘Monograph of Chinese Ferns’’ which he expects to have completed in the near future. Second, he makes known that Dr. Christensen is working on the preparation of a list of the known species of Chinese ferns.
VARIETY OF CHEILANTHES PENINSULARIS 25
It will be interesting to recognize, when these lists are published, any possible resemblances between the fern flora of temperate northern China and our American conditions. Such publications as those indicated will also serve as the basis for further exploratory study in the field. It is certain that the hinterland of China still _ harbors many fern species as yet unknown to science.
Shorter Notes
AN IsLanD VARIETY OF CHEILANTHES PENINSULARIS.— A small collection of ferns from the Revillagigedo Islands was recently submitted to me for examination. It con- sisted-for the most part of wide-ranging tropical species ; but in some instanees the island specimens were of inter- est as showing, in slight variations from the usual types, the beginnings of endemism in their isolated habitat— 200 to 350 miles from the nearest point on the mainland, the tip of Lower California. In one case, of a species itself rather local, the variation had progressed so far as, I think, to justify taxonomic recognition. The plant in question is accordingly here proposed as:
CHEILANTHES PENINSULARIS Maxon, var. INSULARIS. In habit, outline and structure of the lamina like the typical form, but generally stouter. The rachis and
ornatis vel aetate glabratis- Mason no. 1616, TYPUS in herb. Academiae Scientium Californianae.
26 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
(Herb. Univ. of California) ; on north-facing rock wall above Grayson’s Cove, very dry habitat, alt. 1000 ft., May 4, 1925, H. L. Mason, no. 1616 (Type, in Herb. Cali- fornia Acad. Sci.) —Ciarion IsLAND: just below the summits of the hills, where it is locally abundant in the brush, April 27, 1925, Mason, no. 1571.
The specimens from Clarion Island are much larger than those from Socorro, the fronds reaching 3 dm. in _ height, and the rachises are nearly glabrous. But occa- sional persistent fibrils and seales of the kind described above, and numerous pustulate bases of seales which have weathered off indicate that they bore an indument simi- lar to that of the type specimens.
In typical Ch. peninsularis the seales of rachis and costae are linear-lanceolate with dilated, erose-serrulate bases and more or less papillate-serrulate blades. Speci- mens from Comondu, Lower California, collected by Brandegee, Feb. 6, 1889, are intermediate in their indu- ment between typical form and variety, in some indi- viduals approaching the latter rather closely.
The Townsend and Anthony collections here cited were determined as ‘‘near Cheilanthes Wrightii’’ or un- qualifiedly as that species. This seems to me correctly to express their general relationship. Ch. peninsularis is near Ch. Wrightti. The latter, however, has usually a narrower (lanceolate) lamina. All but the upper pinnae are deltoid (instead of oblong-ovate, as in Ch. penin- sularis), and the pinnules are commonly rather nar- rowly oblong (instead of oblong-ovate). Rachis and costae are usually glabrous; in the infrequent cases where they bear a sparse paleaceous indument, its seales are smaller, more delicate, and smaller-celled than in Ch. peninsularis—C,. A. WreatHerBy, Gray Herbarium.
FIREWORKS FROM A ‘‘ FERN.’’—It has long been a mat- ter of general knowledge to the writer that Lycopodium spores can be used as fireworks material, but it is only
Wuat Ferns MAY BE WEEDS? Z7
recently that an actual test of this fact has been made in the field. Very possibly it is familiar to many readers of the FERN JourNAL, but on the chance that there may be others who have not tried it, this note is published.
On a recent trip near Greenwood Lake, N. Y., colonies of fruiting Lyeopodiums (L. obscurum, L. complanatum, L. clavatum), were found near Cedar Pond, one of the northern localities for the southern white cedar. The fruiting spikes were in a condition to discharge their spores at a slight touch. When a burning match was held in readiness the spores ignited with a little puff.
Later, in the city, an ounce of Lycopodium spores was purchased at a drug store and a material was used for an entertainment demonstration at the start of a general science class period. Apparently a definite condition of suspension in the air is necessary for the flashing effect. When a match was held to a small quantity of the spore powder on a stone window ledge, nothing happened; when a small quantity of the powder was placed on a thin copper plate and heated over a Bunsen burner the spores scorched and blackened but did not flash. When, however, a pinch was dropped into the flame of a burn- ing match, an instant pyrotechnic display was obtained.
The material was of special interest to the chemistry teacher of the department as being more suitable for demonstrations of the explosive quality of dust than the ordinary substances used in this connection. Any one interested to try it is cautioned against using too much at atime. It seems entirely likely that a dangerous ex- plosion might be produced if a considerable quantity were released in the air of a room.
Wuat Ferns MAY BE WEEDS ?—Some years ago, in the course of a lecture on ferns delivered in Boston, I made a statement to the effect that ferns are retiring; the denizens of the wild, and not happy under conditions of |
28 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
cultivation; that one never finds ferns as weeds. The statement was challenged at the close of the talk by someone who reported the marsh fern as a real pest in cranberry culture. References have also been made in government publications to the common brake as some- times troublesome, especially in pasture land. The fol- lowing quotation regarding weeds in the State of Wash- ington is another case in point. Readers are asked to report any other significant instances of the ferns as trouble-makers. Do they ever invade ploughed land? The quotation is another illustration of the well-known fact that most trouble in the weed line is due to immi- grant plants just as most difficulty with animals is like- wise concerned with foreign types.
Native Weeps.'—‘‘ After the removal of the forests only a few of the native species persisted as troublesome weeds in the clearings. Even some of these are species accustomed to the open places along the banks of streams _ or shores of lakes where trees were absent on account of the periodic fluctuation of the water level and erosion. The common brake fern, Pteridium aquilinum var. pu- bescens Underw., was the most troublesome pest on newly cleared uplands. Under thorough cultivation, or with persistent efforts to eradicate it, the brake fern usually survived only a few years but in some pastures and grasslands, it has survived for twenty years or more. In some neglected logged-off pasture lands it has even spread. In the lowlands, especially in sandy soil, the common field horsetail, Equisetum arvense L., became very abundant, especially in meadows where it is even now a bad pest in many places. Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. was frequently troublesome, especially in poorly
1 Muenscher, W. C., ‘‘Some Changes in the Weed Flora of belpiapes County, Washington. 7? Torreya 30: 13-134. Sept— Oct., 1930.
AMERICAN FERN Society 29
drained pastures. On recently burned over stump lands and hewly cleared land, the fireweed, Epilobium angusti- folium L., frequently persisted for several years on the uplands, while on the lowlands, Epilobium adenocaulon Haussk. was a common pest in pastures, meadows and grainfields. Neither of these weeds persisted long under cultivation.’’—R. C. B
American Fern Society
The following letter, received some time ago from Dr. Kestner, but crowded out of the preceding number of the JourRNAL, should be of interest to our members, and attention is called to his desiderata.
In the April—June number, 1929, of the JourNAL you were kind enough to insert a letter in which I appealed for spores from American rock ferns. The courteous response from members of the Society has been more than I could have expected, and thanks to their kindness I have obtained spores from almost every hardy rock fern in the United States. I have thanked the various correspondents direct and wish to renew my thanks again, also to assure those who have asked for spores and ferns from me that what I have been unable to send last year shall be sent this year with the exception of some ferns it will possibly take me longer to get hold of.
Even the rare Appalachian Aspleniums have all been sent, with the exception of no. 13 mentioned in Dr. E. T. ‘Wherry’s paper in the Journat of April—June, 1925.
I am glad to say I have succeeded so far with all sow- ings save Asplenium Trudelli, which I have received from both Dr. Wherry and Mr. E. W. Graves . . . and A. cryptolepis. No spores of either have germinated... .
Dr. Wherry has sent me spores from Woodsia scopu- lina gathered in the Appalachians, which he suggested __ might be distinct from W. scopulina from the West.
Pile tee nee
30 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
Unfortunately, I have obtained only a few prothallia and they are not in a healthy condition. They have not so far produced fronds and I have but little hope that they will survive. From the western W. scopulina I have received no spores.
With the exceptions mentioned above most of my sow- ings are healthy and I have been engaged for some time, and still am engaged, in planting the sporelings on the walls I have had prepared for them.
As I am in a region of ecaleareous soil, I have had a brick construction made, with non-caleareous soil as a mortar and the same soil behind the walls. All is watered from a neighboring roof. This for ealeiphobe ferns.
There is no real difficulty in raising prothallia and sporelings of alpine rock ferns, provided you can dispose of some time every day. The difficulty arises after- wards when one has to find the appropriate way for let- ting them grow under conditions similar to those they find in nature.
All my sowings were made last December in the green- house at about 20° Centigrade. As it generally takes about 5 to 6 months for sporelings to form, this means that they can be planted direct as sporelings on the wall, starting at the end of May, when there is sufficient heat to prevent a check in growth. They ean then go on de- veloping until the first frond appears. Planting them first in pots precludes their being put afterwards in a wall, as they very rapidly develop an extensive root system which must not be disturbed.
In nature they appear to hibernate as prothallia after the spores have germinated late in the season. There is not, I believe, much chance of success to be expected by any one trying to imitate this and it is probable the method with which I am experimenting is the best.
AMERICAN FERN Society 31
_ To sum up: the following are the ferns of which I still should be pleased to obtain spores.
Asplenium Trudelli.
Asplenium cryptolepis.
. Woodsia scopulina from the sa renege
Woodsia scopulina from the Wes
No. 13 of Dr. Wherry’s eS Aspleniums.
If possible also more spores of Asplenium ebenoides. Those I have received from Dr. Wherry from Alabama and Mr. Graves from Tennessee have both germinated fairly well, but they are not as healthy as I wish them to be and are late in producing fronds, atta all other Sap esniee have started 2 months ago.
. In Mr. Tilton’s Fern Lover’s Companion the plate on page ay shows fronds of Asplenium ebenoides from Maryland which much differs from those from other sources. Owing to their ir-
1 i 8.
=
ees
x
Would it be possible for any members ot the Society to send me fronds from Maryland? I mean fronds with ripe sori.
I may add that Dr. Wherry’s research work on soil reaction is considerably facilitating my work, and he must be thanked by all who are trying to cultivate rock ferns—Pauut Kestner, Aug. 14, 1930.
Report of the Judge of Elections for 1930
As Judge of Elections of the American Fern Society I report that 110 ballots were cast, and the following officers unanimously elected: President, William R. Max Vice-President, Mrs. Carlotta C. Hall. Secretary, Charles 8. Treasurer, J. G. eg cata Natauiz B. KIMBER I hereby certify that the above is a correct copy of the report a the Judge of Elections. CHARLEs 8. eee he haseahe
si Yd AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
Mr. Harold G. Rugg, Hanover, New Hampshire, wishes to obtain living plants of the following species: Cys- topteris montana, Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum, Adt-
antum modestum, A. rimicola, Polystichum Lemmon, and P. scopulinum.
Mr. F. G. Floyd, Sierra Madre, California, offers speci- mens of Pityrogramma triangularis, so long as the sup- ply lasts, to members who will send him ten cents in stamps.
Miss Alice W. Wilcox, 154 South Euclid Ave., Pasa- dena, California, wishes to get into communication with any members who would like to increase their collections of pressed ferns by exchange.
Mr. J. William Thompson, Cleveland High School, Seattle, Washington, wishes to exchange pteridophytes of Washington for those of other parts of the world.
Through an oversight which we greatly regret, we failed to state in the preceding number of the JoURNAL that the excellent photographs employed to illustrate the report of the field meeting at Willoughby Lake were by Mr. A. T. Beals, of New York City, and were used by his kind permission. Our apologies are tendered Mr. Beals, and with them not only our thanks, none the less sincere though belated, but, we are sure, those of every reader of the JOURNAL.
Our best thanks are due also to Mr. W. Herbert Dole, who has not only contributed the three photographs accompanying his article in this number, but has gen- erously paid for their reproduction.
New members: _ Bell, Mrs. John, Box 956, Winter Park, Florida. . Cameron, Charles, Tauranga, New Zealand.
Catheart, W. H., 10700 Euelid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.
Elwart, Max A., 317 East 90th St., New York City.
AMERICAN FERN Society oo
Hudson, Charles, Garfield Park eee Chicago, TI.
James, Mrs. E. H., Box 583, Oswego, Oregon.
Miner, Mrs. John L., 1 Maher ae Greenwich, Connecticut.
Nicholson, Miss Zaida, 43 East 27th St., New York City.
Starker, Carl, Jennings Lodge, Oregon
sal Mrs. Charles Y., 318 North Pronident Ave., Lancaster,
nsylvania.
Toole, a A., Baraboo, Wiscon
Tracy, H. H., Fullerton Union High School and Junior College, Te diecken: California.
Changes of address: Baker, Prof. H. R., State Board of ee Dover, Delaware. irger, Dr. Selim, Nevteras fe Stockholm, en. rgin, Dr. Herman, 212 High St., Germantown, n, Pa, Choate, Miss Alice D., 5002 ee Ave., St. Louis, Mo. Cornman, Mrs. Leighton R., 210 Sea Vale St., Chula Vite, Cali- forni
ornia. Dowell, Dr. Philip, Port Richmond, Staten Island, New York. Gaylord, Mrs. Cag Natalie, 2208 Lowena Drive, Long Beach, Californi Hall, Mrs. Covielis C., Carnegie Laboratory, Stanford Univer- sity, California Halsey, Miss Alice, “29 East 29th St., New York City
Lee, Miss Eva M., Lynwood, Crofton Lane, Or pkestons Kent,
ngland. Little, etre L., Southwestern Teachers’ College, Weatherford,
Mohr, soho E, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania.
Thompson, J. W., Cleveland High School, Seattle, Washington.
Wilcox, Miss Abes W., 154 South Euclid Ave., Pasadena, Cali- forni
Mr. E. H. Clarkson, 41 Tyng St., Newburyport, Mass., has for-sale a complete set of the Fern Bulletin, in ex- cellent condition. Anyone interested should communi-
cate with him.
34 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
Fern Books to Lend
On September 13, 1930, a package containing the official reserve files of the AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL, together with the other publications belonging to the American Fern Society, was opened by Mr. Calvin Foss, Librarian of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, the contents were checked, and formally receipted for, according to the list which had been sent by Mr. Lewis, the Society Secretary. On the same day, note was taken of a re- quest for the loan of volumes 1-18 of the FERN JOURNAL, made by a member of the Society through the library of an Illinois town. In other words, with the establish- ment of the Society library at the Garden, the loan feature, which is part of the agreement, began to function.
It is the purpose of this note to make official record of the new arrangement. Accordingly, there are published below the following items: (1) the list of the Fern Society library, including the back file of the British Fern Gazette. This was purchased about a year ago as the first addition authorized by the Council, according to a plan by which the Fern Society is to allot a budget allowance of twenty-five dollars per year for this pur- pose; (2) the text of the agreement between the Brook- lyn Botanic Garden and the American Fern Society; (3) a list of the fern titles in the library of the Brooklyn Botanie Garden,
List OF Books AND PAMPHLETS BELONGING TO THE AMERICAN Fern Society anD Now TRANSFERRED TO THE BoTANIC GAR- DEN LIBRARY AT THE BROOKLYN BoTANIC GARDEN: UNDER THE TERMS OF THE AGREEMENT — THE GAR-
DEN AND THE FERN Soc samen. of isang of Meetings; British cca Society; 1894—
British roa acu vol. 1-4; 1909-1920.
Fern Books to LEND 35.
American Fern Journal, ee Set; six vols.; covering eighteen and marked vols. 1-18. The Fern Bitieha. five bound vols., including Vols. 7-20 inclusive. Christensen: Review of the American Species of Dryopteris of ae Group D. opposita. onograph of the Genus Dryopteris. Flew de Pane Gadeau: Notes sur les Fougéres; . oe: 1-5. a ecranre et Recherches expérimentales sur la Direction s Racines et des — Dobbie: as Zealand Fer xon, Wm. R.: Report upon a Collection of Ferns from Tahiti. ai Ptéridologiques, Fascicules xiv, xv, and xvi. Prince Bona-
ee Foun of Science, vena Vols. 40, 41, 42 (four rs each) and Vol. 438, No. 26th ana oh Annual Reports of the re of Science of the ippine Islands. fea Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science for 1921-1925. Reprints by various authors, listed separately, as follows: aggedé A Peculiar Habitat for Camptosorus. me Horticultural Fern Variations. Ferns as house plants. (Leaflet Ferns as house plants. (Report of lecture.) Game Laws for ferns and wild flowers. Conservation of beauty. Evolution as illustrated by ferns. Wild plant conservation in Connecticut, a suburban state. ow shall we save rare species pieyt extinction? The plant wards of New York Stat Is the distribution and naturalization of the hart’s tongue siontiteall defensi ori w varieties of berated by orthogenetic saltation: I. Progressive variations; II. Regressive varia- tion or reversion from the prhiniey and secondary sports of bostoniensis. New bud sports in Nephrolepis. Variation among the sporelings of a fertile sport of the Boston fern.
Tropical Ferns. Brick: Pteridophyten, 1911, 1921.
36 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
Christensen: Filices Esquirolinanae. Filices Purdomianae Dryopteris nova brasiliensis. On Stigmatopteris, a new genus of ferns with a review of the species. Two new bipinnatifid species of Alsophila. Four new ferns. New Ferns from Brazil. Some species of Ferns collected by Dr. Carl Skottsberg in Temperate South Amer Masxonia, a new Genus of Tooke American Ferns. New Ferns from Madagascar. Revideret Liste over danske Pteridofyter. On the American Species of Leptochilus Sect. Bolbitis. Hopkins: New Varieties of Common Ferns. Maxon: Further Notes on Hispianola Ferns. Lip Ferns of se erie 265 United States related to Chei- lanthes myriophyl New Name for seh ee Blume, a genus of Marattiaceous
Fern Waters: iaieal Key to ferns of Northeastern United States based on stipes
The list of the Fern Society is notable for its limited scope. Chiefiy, there has been frequent call for the set of Fern Journals and the partial set of Fern Bulletins. Perhaps the British’ Fern Gazette may also be of special interest to our members. It is to be most earnestly hoped that the Fern Society library may grow rapidly in numbers of volumes and in service to the members. The Fern Bulletin set should be completed, and the loan set of the British Fern Gazette brought up to date. In addition, may we not hope to have added to our library collections of the fern writings of the members as nearly complete as possible, together with such other miscel- laneous articles on ferns as may be available? The writer of this note is taking steps to bring together as many of his articles as can be located at this time. This
is an open request to other members who have written — “
Fern Booxs to LEND ot
special articles or popular fern books. Furthermore, if any members happen to have duplicate copies of com- mon fern books, will they not donate them to our library ?
With reference to the Fern Society library list, it should be noted that the Philippine Journal of Science, the Annual Reports of the Bureau of Science, of the Philippine Islands, and the Proceedings of the Ameri- can Association for the Advancement of Science for 1921-1925 are general in character. The Christensen publications on Dryopteris are exhaustive, technical treatments of this genus, dealing mainly with the scores of species of the American tropics. The de Kerville ‘Notes’? detail numerous experiments in which ferns served as the physiological material.
AGREEMENT between Brooklyn Botanic Garden and The American Fern Society Concerning the ee of the Library of the Fern Society at the Botanic Garden
WHEREAS, the American Fern Society wishes to make the con- tents of its library pe accessible to all students of ferns;
WHEREAS, the Brooklyn Botanic Garden desires to cooperate in this object; and
WHEREAS, Dr. Ralph C. Benedict, Resident Investigator at the Botanie Garden, is an officer of the Fern , as Editor of the
in accordance with the terms of an Agreement between the Society and the Botanie Garden, dated January 15, 1927; It is hereby mutually agreed as follows: . The American Fern Society will deposit its library, compris- ing books, pamphlets, and periodicals received by it in exchange for the American Fern Journal or otherwise, at the Brooklyn
38 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
Botanic Garden, and the Botanic Garden will receive the same, and subsequent additions to the collection initially transferred, for deposit on the shelves of the Botanic Garden Library e time of sending its library to the Botanic Garden, the
Society will give the Garden, in duplicate, a full and complete list of every publication which it sends, and the Garden will sign and return one copy of this list as acknowledgment for what it mth
3. e Society’s library is to be administered as a reference ees, ym the same regulations that govern the Botanic Gar- den Library as a whole, and shall be freely accessible to the Society ’s members, to the staff of the Botanic Garden, and to the general public, in harmony with such regulations as may be in force or adopted from time to time by the Botanic Garden authori- ties, concerning hours and days of opening and closing the Lab-
ratory Building of the Garden, and access’thereto and to its ae rooms.
. The publications belonging to the Society’s Library will ne be available for use outside the Laboratory Building except by loan to some other library, scientific institution, or school, or to the Fern Society through its officially designated representa- tives.
b. In general, all loans are to be for a period not to exceed two weeks, unless special arrangement for renewal is mutually agreed 16 by the Botanie Garden and the borrower.
- The borrower shall pay all costs of transportation both ways, luding seas insurance to represent replacement value of ie publica
5. The sens Ganden | agrees to give to the books and other Sy PA of the Society, deposited si it, similar supervision
s own Library, and the Society hereby absolves a Botanic Garden from all ea: for loss or damage to said deposited books and other publications from any cause what- soever,.
6. The books and other publications deposited are to remain the property of the American Fern Society.
7. Either party will give the other not less than one year’s notice of its desire and intention to terminate and cancel this agreement.
8. The American Fern Society will remove all of the publica- tions constituting its library and all records and papers related thereto from the Laboratory Building and property of the Brook-—
- FEerN Books to LENpD 39
lyn Botanic Garden within not less than one year after notice from the Botanic Garden of its desire to terminate and cancel this agreement, and the Botanic Garden will permit the removal o said publications and records within one year of notice from the American Fern Society of its desire to remove them and cancel this agreement. For the Brooklyn Botanic Garden (Signed) C. Stuart GAGER, Director For the American Fern Society (Signed) Wirutiam R, Max pag a Brooklyn, oe York, April 2 930
With reference to the terms of the agreement, atten- tion is directed particularly to Section ‘‘4a,’’ in which it is stated that loans will be made only to ‘‘some other library, scientific institution, or school, or to the Fern Society through its officially designated representative.”’ This section may at first seem to make more difficult the borrowing by Fern Society members of the books of the Society library. The stipulation regarding the institu- tional character of borrowers to be recognized by the Brooklyn Botanie Garden was necessary to bring the Society library under the established regulations of the Garden and unify the treatment of all volumes. How- ever, it may be noted that there is included as among the organizations to whom books may be loaned, the “American Fern Society, through its officially desig- nated representative.’? When it is difficult for a mem- ber to arrange to borrow through any local public library or institution, application may be made directly to the writer of this account or to some other member who may be designated for this duty who will then arrange the loan as through the Fern Society.
Attention is also directed to section ‘‘4e’’ which states that ‘‘The borrower shall pay all costs of transportation —
40 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
both ways, including sufficient insurance to represent replacement value of the publication.’’ As an illustra-
tion of the application of this rule, it may be noted that —
the cost of carrying charges and insurance for the eighteen volumes, recently sent to [llinois, amounted to approximately $1.90 (ninety-five cents each way). The present valuation was set at $25.00; the weight was fourteen pounds.
In any ease, when members apply for loans of books, whether through publie library or through the Fern Society, it is requested that the name of the member for whom the volume is requested be included in the request.
FERN TITLES IN THE LIBRARY OF THE BROOKLYN BOTANIC " 1 F
“AIKEN, WALTER H.
Catalogue of the ferns and flowering plants of Cincinnati, Ohi
io, and vicinity. 1911. (Lloyd library. Bulletin no.
{ AreqrNson, GEORGE FRA
Study of the eee ee sf the collodion method for
wee and collegiate Seis N. Y., Macmillan, 1894. p- il. (Ineludes Shi erie) ee FRANCIS.
Genera filicum; or illustrations of the ferns, and other allied genera; from the original colored drawings of the late Francis Bauer; with additions and descriptive letter press by Sir William Jackson Hooker. Lond., Bobn, 1842. 120 pl.
tBeppoME, R. H. Handbook to the ferns of British India, Ceylon and the Malay —
peninsula, with supplement. Caleutta, Thacker, 1892. — pe i,
500 +110 *BENEDICT, RALPH
Evolution as ‘llsetiaiea by —_ 1922. (Brooklyn Botani¢e : Gard es -
rden. Leaflets, ser, 10,
1 An asterisk indicates popular works; a dagger, more technical :
treatments.
PS ae eS oe ee
Fern Books to LEND 41
*—_——. [Same.] (Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Leaflets, ser. 17, no. 6-7.) 1929.
- Ferns as house plants. 1922. (Brooklyn Botanic
Garden. Leaflets, ser. 10, nos. 9-10.)
y - Tropical ferns. 1921. (In Horticulture. v. 34, no. 6, p. 135.) * BIRKENHEAD, J. Ferns and fern culture ... selection of ferns .. . insec pests and their eradication. 2d ed. Manchester, zo 1897. 128 a il.
+Bonaparte, Rou Filicales et Locdeowiaie de la Nouvelle Calédonie et des = Loyalty. Wiesbaden, Kreidels, 1914. 6. Notes ptéridologiques. Paris- ident 1915-1925. pts. 1-5, 191 aie pts. aries 1920-1921
pt. | 1995 + Bower, a IcCK ORPEN.
The Ferns (Filicales) treated comparatively with a view to their natural classification. Cambridge, Univ. pr., 1923-28. (Cambridge botanical handbooks.) v. 1-3.
“BRADBURY, HENRY. Nature nee ferns [illustrated plates]. “BRITTEN, JAME European a, with colored illustrations from nature by D. lair. N. Y., Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co., n.d. 1 tBrirton, E. G. aaa TAYLOR, ALEXANDRINA. Life 3 of Vittaria lineata. (In Torrey Botanical Club. oirs. vy. 8, 5-211.) ‘Calvan. DovucGLas Hova GHTON : The development of the sattien fern. 1887. (Boston Society of Natural History. Memoirs. v. 4, no. 2.) Eusporangiatae; the compara ake oe of
—
= e the Ophioglossaceae and Marattiaceae. 1911. rnegie Institution of Washington. Publ. no. 140.)
t——-—_._ The structure and niin of mosses and ferns: Archegoniatae. Lon 1895. il.
mrcmee ol e es New York, 1913.
tCurist, H.
Die Farnkriiuter der Schweiz. Bern, 1900. (Beitriige zur Kryptogamenflora der Schweiz. v. 1, pt. 2.)
42 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
+CHRISTENSEN, CARL. Index filicum; sive, Enumeratio omnium generum specie- rumque filicum . . . ad finem anni 1905 descriptorum. . -
e *CLUTE, WILLARD NELSON. The fern allies of North America north of Mexico. N. Y., Stokes [1905]. 278 p. il. pl. ur ferns in their haunts; a guide to all the native ecies. N. Y., Stokes [c. 1901]. 332 p. tCoNAaRD, HENRY eee ER. The structure and life-history of the hay-scented fern, 1908. (Carnegie Institution of Washington.- Publ. no. 94.) *CooKE, M. C. Fern book for everybody, containing all the British —— with the foreign species suitable for a fernery. ” as ee n.d. 124 p. +DE Bar AS sri ome of the vegetative organs of the phane- rogams and ferns; tr. and annotated by F. O. Bower and — D. H. Seott. Ostora, Clarendon pr. 1884. Illus. ; *DopGr, RAYNAL. Ferns and fern allies of New England. Binghamton, Clute, — 1896. 51 p ; tDoMIN, KAREL. Hybrids and garden forms of the genus Pityrogramma Link). he Bee, 80 po pl *DRUERY, CHARLES British ferns a their varieties. N. Y., Dutton, n.d. 458p- il. pl *DURAND, HERBERT. Field book of common ferns. N. Y., Putnam’s, 1928. 219 p- _ il. 4 . Wild flowers and ferns in their homes and in our gardens. New ed. rev. & enl. N. Y., Putnam’s, 1925. 394 p. il. *EaTON, DANIEL CaDy. . Beautiful ferns from original water-color drawings after nature, by C. E. Faxon and J. H. Emerton; descriptive text — by D. C. Eaton. Boston, Estes & Lauriat, 1882. 158 P. pl.
Fern Booxs to LEND 43
*—__. The ferns of North America: colored figures and sie inva with synonymy and geographical distribution of the fer . - Salem [v. 1] Boston [v. 2], 1879-80. 2 ¥.°. pl,
*____._ Systematic fern-list; a classified list of the known ferns of the U. S. of America, with the geographical range of the species. 1st ed. -New Haven, Tuttle, 1880. 12
tFARWELL, OLIVER ATKINS.
Fern notes. 1916
*FLYNN, NELLIE F.
Flora of Burlington and vicinity: a list of the fern and seed plants growing without cultivation. Burlington, 1911. (Contributions to. the flora of Vermont, no. 9.)
“GILBERT, BENJAMIN
Working list of North American pteridophytes (north of Mexico), together with descriptions of a oust of varie- ties not heretofore published. Utica, N. Y., 40 p.
tGREVILLE, R. K. and Hooker, W. J.
N badise, 1929. pa -Mazzetti, H. Symbolae Sini- cae -, bei 6; * Hooker, Ww. tice Garden ferns; or, Colored figures and descriptions, with the needful aaiieeas of the fructifieation and venation of a selection of exotic ferns. . . . Lond., Lovell, Reeve, 1862. 1
t——___, — filicum; being descriptions of the known ferns. . . . Lond., Pana, 1846-64. 5 vols. pl. {—-—- and eRe J. on Spanla filicum A synopsis of all known ferns... - ond., Hida 1868. 482 p. col. pl. (ist ed.) smear i ed.] Lond., Hardwicke, 1874. 590 pe pl. 1+——_— and GREVILLE, R. K. Teones filicum; figures and aati ce of ferns. Lond., Treuttel, and Wiirtz, 1831. 2 vols. “Hopkins, L . The Ferns of FOR county, Penn., their haunts and sont its and something of their folklore. Pittsburgh, 19 130 p. me oe
:
44 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
+KERVILLE, HENRI GADEAU DE. Considerations et recherches expérimentales sur la direction des racines et des tiges. Paris, Bailliere, 1917. 157 p. pl. +—_——_——.. Notes sur les fougeéres. Teta: Sane fils, 1915-17. 2 pts. *KEw, ENGLAND. Royal botanic gardens. Hand-list of ferns and fern allies cultivated in the royal botanic gardens. 2d ed. Lond., Darling, 1906. 183 p. *K NOBEL, EDWARD. Ferns and evergreens of New England. Bost., Whidden, 1895. 1 *LINNAEAN FERN Coir. Fernwort papers, an ed at a meeting of fern students, held in New York City, June 27, 1900, under the auspices of the Linnaean fern chapter. Binghamton, N. Y., Clute,
1900,
* Papers presented at the Boston meeting . . . August 24, 1898. Binghamton, N. Y., Clute, 1899.
*LoweE, E. J.
Fern growing; fifty years’ experience in crossing and eulti- vation. N. Y., Truslove & Comba, 1898. 196 p. —_———. Ferns; British and exotic. Lond., Bell & Daily, 8 vols.
————. A natural history of new and rare ferns. Lond., Bell, 1871. 192 Our native ferns; or, A history of the British species and their varieties. Lond., Groombridge, 1865-67. 2 vols.
i pe +MARTENS, MARTIN a ponte BB. G. Mémoire sur les fougéres du Mexique . . Heeses from . Mém, Aead. ote Pris vol. xv. 99 p.il
M rns as a h oe. Washington, D. C., 1925] il. (Na- tional i A aeeas 47: 541-86. May, 1925.) tudies*of tropical American ferns. No. 6. (Con- a from the U. 8. National Herbarium, v. 17, pt- 7.) Wash., Govt. pr. office, 1916. +METTENIUS, G. Uber einige Farngattungen. I. Polypodium. Frankfurt, Broénner, 1857. 138 p.
FERN Books to LEND 45
fMryYEN, F. J. F. Beitrige zur kenntniss der Azollen. 1836. pp. 507-524 *MooreE, THOMAS.
British ferns and their allies; an abridgment of the popular history of British ferns, club-mosses, pipe rworts, and horsetails. N. Y., Routledge, n. d. 187 p.
Nature- Serihiad British Seas Lond., Benahaey & Bicac. 1863. 2 vols. pl. *PARSONS, FRANCES THEODORA. ow to know the ferns; a guide to the names, haunts and sb of our common ferns. N. Y., Seribner’s, 1899. op. aL, *PLUES, piles ET.
Rambles in search of flowerless plants. Lond., Houlston, 1864. 316 p. il.
*PorTER, THOMAS CONRAD. :
Catalogue of the Bryophyta (hepaties, anthocerotes and mosses) and pteridophyta (ferns and fern-allies) found in
ennsylvania. Boston, 1904. +PostHuMus, OENE !
Ferns of Surinam and of French and British Guiana. Malang, Java, N. V. Jahn, 1928.
es ANNE
Ferns of ‘Ga Britain, and their allies; the club-mosses, pepperworts, and horsetails. London, Warne, n.d. 174 p- il. pl
il. pl. *Rosinson, Jonn. . Ferns in their homes and ours. 5th ed. Bost., Whidden, 1894, 178 p. i tRoBINSON, WINIFRED J. waiian Taxonomic — of the pteridophyta of the Ha islands. tRovirosa, ai oe : ? deserip-— Pteridografia del sur de Mexico, 6 sea angry ned cién de los helechos de esta regién. . . . xico, 1909. 298 p- pl “SCHNEIDER, GEORGE. stove. Book of choice ferns for the garden, conservatory, and Lond., Gill, 1892-94. 3 vols. il. pl. '
46 AmeErRICAN FERN JOURNAL
*Siu, THOMAS R.
The ferns of South Africa, ea ing descriptions and fig- es of the ferns and fern allies of South Africa. 2d ed. Santali, Univ. pr., me *SLOSSON, MARGARET How ferns grow. N. Y., Holt, 1906. 152 p. il. *SMALL, JOH ; Ferns 4 Royal Palm Hammock; descriptions and Thustese tions of the ferns and fern- allies growing naturally in Royal
Palm Hammock and the ures Everglades. N. Y., publ. by author, 1918. 38 p. :
erns of tropical Fada being descriptions of and iti on the ferns and fern-allies growing soetae on the
Everglade Keys and Florida Keys. N. Y., 1918. 80 p. il *SMITH, J..
Ferns, British and foreign; the history, organography, classi-
fication, and enumeration of the species of garden ferns. ce enl
. ed. Lond., Hardwicke & Bogue, 1877. 450 il.
“TpEbreoM, Ivar lysium Mariam; ferns and fern allies. 1907. pl.
* TILTON, pene Huwvky. e Fern lover’s companion; a guide for the northeasters
states and keg Melrose, Mass., 1922. 0 p. tUNDERWoop, L.
2d ed. Wash.,
Our native i and their allies, with synoptical descriptions of the American pteridophyta ‘north of Mexico. 4th ed. rev. WN, ¥., Holt, 1893: 156 p. t+. de ] 6th ed. 1900. w of the genera of ferns proposed prior to 1832.
(In ersten bot. club. Memoirs. v. 6, no *WATERS, CAMPBELL
erns; a manual for the northeastern states, with analytical — ‘key
s based on the stalks and on the fructification. N. Y. Halt, 1903. 362 p. il. pl.
ee BENJAMIN SAMUEL.
t ferns and lycopods: British and exotic. Lond., 1873- aa ne
+WILLIS, JOHN CHRISTOPHER.
manual and dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns. Cambridge, 1897. v.
FrerN Books to LEND 47
*WooLson, G. A. Ferns, and how to grow them. N. Y., Doubleday, Page, 1914. £56 p.. 41, *WRIGHT, MABEL Oscoop. Flowers and ferns in their haunts. N. Y., Macmillan, 1901. 338 p. il. pl “YATES, LORENZO G. Ferns of Ceylon. Santa Barbara, Yates, 1887. 33 p. - Notes on Hawaiian ferns, compiled from the works of Hooker, Baker, Bailey and others. Santa Barbara, Yates, 1887. 15 p
The Botanic Garden library includes nearly ninety titles, with a wide range of popular and technical works on ferns. It is to be emphasized that in addition to the limited list of the American Fern Society library, it is possible to borrow directly from the library of the Botanic Garden, according to the terms of the agree- ment, that is by loan through some public library, or other public institution. Practically all the Garden list is available for loan, with a few exceptions in the case of larger and rarer volumes, like Eaton’s ‘‘The ferns of North America,’’ and some others that may be rather frequently referred to at the Garden.
In the list above, an attempt has been made to desig- nate books as popular or technical by using an asterisk for the first and a dagger for the second. In addition to serving as a possible borrowing list, it may also be of Suggestive value to members interested in building up their own libraries. Dealers in second hand books can probably obtain ‘almost any title listed, if commissioned - to do so. It may be noted that the popular books of English authorship are primarily interested in ferns as Possible garden plants. For those planning a European trip, and anxious to study the ferns of the regions vis- ited, the Britten volume is the most recent and general. woe
48 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
Many of the volumes listed are of very considerable interest, either because of their historical value, their special distinction in illustration and text, or because of their authoritative character. Space does not permit here of further comment, but some may be singled out in the future for special consideration and description. As additional titles of interest are added, notice will be taken in the JouRNAL. Raupu C, BENEDICT
THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB
MEMBERSHIP Including Bulletin, Memoirs, and Torreya, $5.00 a year
PUBLICATIONS ulletin, aaa a mie Bees = 00 a year; “ numbers 40 cen Of former volumes, only 24-47 can be sup- plied a Manu scripts intends for publication in the B be addressed to Tracy E, Hazen, Bditor,
sho Barnard College, Columbia University, New York City. Torreya, Bi-monthly, established 1901. Price, $1.00 a Manuscripts intended for publication in Torreya should be ad- =x to Grores T. Hastines, Editor, Robbins Place, Yonkers,
Memoirs. Occasional, established 1889. Price, $3.00 a volume,
Preliminary Catalogue of Anthophyta and bias seek within 100 miles of N New York City, 1888. Price, $1.0
Subscriptions and other business i iammanien should be ad- dressed to the Treasurer, Mrs. Helen M. Trelease, Box 42, Schermer- horn Hall, Columbia University, New York City.
BOOKS BY THE FOUNDER OF THE AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY
Botanical Essays. 112 pp. 23 essays.o.c00----——- 1.75 Practical Botany. 214 pp. 110 il. The regular high. school eourme 32.6 $1.10
American Plant Names, 248 pp. All the common names of eastern American plants—i700 0
f th Fons the correct a ames. Fern Allies of North America. 288 pp. “55 ill. The only Neok $4.00
Our Ferns in their —— 333 pp. 225 ill. The
standard work $3.50
WILLARD N. CLUTE = co, Butler University, Indiana:
The Science Press Printing Company Printers of Scientific and Educational
kata ca Journals, Monographs io and Books
Toe f, henitted
Pe £. | a |
Lime and Green Sts., Lancaster, Penna.
THE BRYOLOGIST PUBLISHED BY THE SULLIVANT MOSS SOCIETY
The only magazine in English wholly devoted te Mos enemy: bgt aris and Lickin ms. Bi-monthly; illustrated; for the beginner
for the professional, Year rly subscription in the United Saree “$1.25. Twenty-five cents additional gives membership in the SULLIVA ANT MOSS SOCIETY, with free services of Curators for beginners.
Address A. TENNYSON BEALS 2929 Broadway NEW YORK CITY
BOTANIC GARDEN MEMOIRS ontributions by various authors on isinalek pathol- ogy, sad hens pis hysiology, ecology, plant geography, and systematic igs be Price, $3.50 plus postage. olume II: The vemesetian of oot Island, Part 1, The vegetation of omar a = b. 1923. 105 pp. Price, $1.00. Volume lil: e vegetation of Mt. Desert, Maine, and its environ- ment. By Bariioeton Moore and Norman Taylor. 151 pa ges, 27 text figures, vegetation map in colors. June 10, 1027. Price, $1.60.
Bia ging bees tlg ad eesti Re oted te All Branches Botanical Sci lished 1914. Monthly. cept est and Se enes nee Officia Publication of the Rotanient ‘Society get Subscriptions, $7 sar for complete volumes (Ja iz Dec Parts of volumes at the sents number rate, Single iachabe, S10 each, * Sea free. Foreign pustage: 40 cents. ECOLOGY Forms of Life in Relati o Environ
Ustablished 1920. Quarterly. Offici al Publication A. the wae al Society of America. Subscription, $4 a r for complete yolumes (Jan. to Dec.). Parts of volumes at the anew number rate. Single numbers, $1.25 post free. Foreign postage: 20 c
beige caginiin A Record of Investigations on Heredity and Variati Established 1916. Bi-monthly. Babedigtic on, $6 a year ‘sz complete yolumes esos to D ae Parts of yolumes at the sae or numbe Single numbers, $1.25 post free. Foreign postage: 50 cents,
BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN, Brooklyn, N. ¥., U. 8. 4
This Free Catalog Lists
Field and Herbarium m Equipment
Designed by Bo
Han nses Field Picks Genus Covers Mounting Papers
Write to-day for Catalog F 91
CAMBRIDGE BOTANICAL SUPPLY | COMPANY
Vol-2i- ' April-June, 1931 No. 3
American Fern Journal
eee
OR at Ranke A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS Published by the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY RY EDITORS R. C. BENEDICT E. J. WINSLOW Cc. A. WEATHERBY | CONTENTS Notes on Xerophytic Ferns... 3 F._L. Pickerr 49 Notes on a New Jersey Fern Garden—Il......W. H. Dots 57 A List of Tennessee Ferns... W. A. Anperson, Jr. 64 A Glimpse at Iceland...............0s++-: uwees H. G. Ruee 71 Weel Vai Eitieke ee 74
Shorter Notes.—A Fungus Parasite of Equisetum. Trich- z omanes Petersii in Tennessee. Cyrtomium in a Well. 75
American Peen Sockets 55 sees Ceces vets cee nts ese 7
see eee weer
—————
ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.25: FOREIGN, $1.55 LIME & GREEN STS., LANCASTER, PA. ' AUBURNDALE, MASS. Entered as second-cl t the post office at Lancaster, P Ruder the Act of "March 3. 4803, ig tase aod for mailing at ial
author eost vi ‘Act of October 3, 1917, Mittin ee
Che American Hern Society
Council for 1931 OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR
WittiaM R. Maxon, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, si “4 reside Mrs. Cartorra C. Hatt, Stanford University, Calif., Vice-president Rey. C. S. Lewis, Trinity Rectory, Plattsburg, N. YincnmiSecretary J. G. UNDEEWoop, Hartland, Vt Tr easurer
OFFICIAL ORGAN
American Fern Journal
EDITORS Rapa C. Hassries Secs 1819 Dorchester Road, Steet yn, N. ¥. EK. J. Win urndale, Mass. C. A. Wat Oennaage Mass.
An illustrated quarterly devoted to the general study of ferns.
Subscription, $1.25 per year, foreign, 10 cents extra; sent free to members of the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY (annual dues, $1.50; life membership, $25.00). Extracted reprints, if ordered m advance, will be furnished authors at cost. They should be ordered when proof is returned.
Volume I, six numbers, $2.00; other — $1.25 each. Single back numbers 35 cents each, Vol. I, no. 1; vol. III, nos. 2, 3, and d vol
4; and vol. IV, no. 1 cannot be su pias paw with complete yolumes Ten per cent. discount to members and institutions 0” orders of six v olumes or more.
Matter for publication pane be addressed to R. ©. Benedict at 1819 Dorehester Head, or Brooklyn Botanic aS 1000 Wash- ington Ave., Brooklyn, N. x
Orders for back numbers should be sent to the Secretary of es Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, N. ¥. Other business ¢ munications should be addressed to E. J. WInsLow, tegen M
*
CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM
L. 8S. Horxins Culver-Stockton College, Canton, Mo. A regular loan department is maintained in coatection a = iety herbarium. Memb y ow ns from :
any time, the borrower paying all postal or aia Arges.
pages of the Journal are also 0 to members who wish to = exchanges; a smcnorship list is published to further — those
interested in obtaining specimens from different localities
American Fern Journal
Vou. 21 APRIL-JUNE, 1931 : No. 2
Notes on Xerophytic Ferns* F. L. Pickett
The material given in the following paper has been collected through some seventeen years of work with various xerophytie ferns. There is in this presentation very little that is actually new. It is rather an attempt to bring together related information collected through this period. of years and to add to that some final find- ings and general considerations.
By most students of ferns, the prothallia have been thought of as very delicate structures readily suecumb- Ing to drought, extremes of temperatures and other unsatisfactory conditions: Before 1912 very little work Indeed had been done on the ability of fern prothallia to Survive periods of water shortage or actual desiccation. Before that time some German students had published Papers dealing with the ability of certain mosses to live through long periods with a reduced water supply. Papers had also been published describing the ability of certain moss and fern spores to live through periods of Several years in normally dry atmosphere. It was also Well known that seeds and some other structures of higher plants could revive and continue growth and other activities after several years of dry storage. It is true that Goebel had described before the above date De
™ Contribution No. 31 from the Botany Department of the State College of Washington.
issued April 6, 1931.] 49
~ -
[Volume 21, No. 1 of the JourNAL, pages 1-48, plates 1-3, was © -
50 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
special tuberous outgrowths produced by the prothal-_ lium of Anogramme chaerophylla which when covered with soil might survive dry seasons and continue growth when conditions became favorable. Campbell had also called attention to the survival through extended periods of drought of the prothallia of Gymnogramme triangu- laris in the neighborhood of Stanford, California. He also had recorded the fact that a culture of these fern plants had survived exposure to dry air in the labora- tory all summer. No study had been undertaken, how- ever, to determine how long prothallia might live under such conditions or to find what changes would result from such treatment.
In 1912 while the writer was making a careful study — of the life history of the little Walking Fern, Campto- sorus rhizophyllus, he found that the prothallia of this plant were to an unexpected degree able to withstand : exposure to desiccating conditions. A further study of this particular plant and of the Ebony Spleenwort, Asplenium platyneuron, brought out this peculiar char-_ acteristic even more definitely. It was found that these — prothallia were able to survive exposure to repeated periods of three or four weeks of such drought as may oceur under natural conditions. |
In 1920-1923 similar though more extensive studies — were made of the prothallia of Cheilanthes gracillima, @ small fern found growing over a wide area of Washing-_ ton, but limited rather closely to exposed rocky regions. — Spore cultures of this fern were grown and after some — of the prothallia had reached maturity were exposed to conditions of desiccation. Some were exposed to the — dry air of the laboratory. Portions of other cultures — were placed in desiccators over anhydrous calcium chlo-—
__ vide and over anhydrous phosphoric acid. Plants
exposed to the normal dry atmosphere of the laboratory
Nores ON XEROPHYTIC FERNS 51
from April 1, 1922, to September 21, 1922 (nearly sixteen weeks), showed almost 100 per cent recovery. Plants which had been exposed to the dry air of the laboratory for six months and then placed in desiceators, as indicated above, for thirteen weeks showed almost complete recovery after the application of water. In these cases final survival was proven by placing the cul- tures or portions of cultures under proper growth con- ditions and determining the percentage of survival after the plants had ample time to continue normal growth.
In 1924 and 1925 similar studies were made on two forms of Purple Cliff Brake, Pellaea atropurpurea and Pellaea glabella. Cultures of these plants remained air dry in the laboratory from June 5, 1924, to March 24, . 1925, a period of nine months and twenty days. The prothallia were mature, some of them showing young Sporophytes. After the application of water to these cultures fully seventy-five per cent of the plants showed Fecovery and normal growth. After eighteen and a ~ half months of desiccation a considerable number of Whole plants recovered and small active areas were found in many others. A further experiment was in progress at the time the report of this work was published. At this time the final results of that experiment will be given. One culture in a six-inch clay saucer had been allowed to become air dry in the greenhouse and then Placed in a dark but dry and well ventilated cupboard. On June 18, 1929, exactly five years later, this culture Was removed and was put under satisfactory conditions for growth. It at once became evident that most of the Plants were dead. However, a considerable number, Perhaps five per cent of the total, showed either complete “ecovery as individuals or showed masses of living cells.
A series of experiments was carried on to determine the exact amount of water, if any, remaining in these
52 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
plants after long periods of desiccation. Small portions of soil covered with the dry prothallia were removed from cultures that had remained air dry in the labora- tory for eleven months. These were very carefully weighed and then were placed in a drying oven with a temperature of from 90° to 110° C. for five hours. The masses of material used were small, so small indeed that there could be little doubt but that any residual water would be removed by this treatment. The actual loss as determined by careful weighing before and after this drying varied between four- and five-hundredths of one per cent of the total weight. Similar portions taken from the same cultures and put under suitable condi- tions showed a high percentage of survival and later growth of the prothallia.
In 1924 and 1925 similar experiments were carried out: with prothallia of the western Polypody, Polpodium vulgare var. occidentale. It should be remembered that while this fern does not grow in arid regions, it does grow in mats of moss on logs, stumps and sometimes high above the ground on branches of trees. This habitat exposes the plants to periods of drought each year, ; periods that may extend over three months or more. ‘ Specimens have been noted growing on the branches of Quercus Garryana at the home of W. N. Suksdorf, at Bingen, Washington, where there is but a trace of ee fall from May to September. :
Spores of this plant were grown in cultures that pro duced normal mature plants in twelve weeks. These were allowed to remain air dry in the laboratory from July 15 to October 1. After the application of watery there was almost 100 per cent revival and continued growth. Both prothallia and young sporophytes sur vived the season of drought. q
NoTEes ON XEROPHYTIC FERNS 53
Surely fern prothallia have no means of preventing the loss of water. They are for the most part but one cell in thickness, and the cell walls show but little evi- dence of cutinization. Careful examination of desic- cated specimens shows that they have lost all water. The protoplasm is hard and horny, and vacuolar cavities have disappeared through the total collapse of the walls.
A very striking feature in the development of these xerophytic fern prothallia is their tendency toward vegetative propagation. While this tendency is shown by all the xerophytie forms studied, it is brought about by different methods in the different species. Old pro- thallia of Camptosorus and Cheilanthes which have undergone long or repeated short periods of desiccation and have then been placed under favorable conditions for growth often show a great part of the body tissue dead, although the margins show green and active cell sroups. These marginal cells develop into growths in every way similar to primary prothallia. In time they may be entirely separated through the death and decay of the older tissue and then continue their life and stowth as independent plants. That this becomes an ‘portant factor in increasing the number of plants as Well as in continuing their growth is shown by the fact that more than a dozen such proliferations have been found on a single prothallium. In the Pellaeas the development of proliferations is chiefly brought about through the activity of more or less completely isolated Sroups of cells scattered at random through the bodies of Prothallia that have shown injury at the end of. Periods of desiccation. Only occasionally are these masses marginal except such as are located in the apical wus. The group of eight or ten cells may appear green and active in the central part of a prothallium that is"
54 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
otherwise dead. These cells may produce a projection extending directly from the surface of the old pro- thallium. This projection will develop as a normal prothallium or it may branch repeatedly, each branch developing as a normal prothallium.
Somewhat closely related to the vegetative propaga- tion just described is the development of apogamous embryos by some of these ferns. As far as the writer’s studies have shown the two species of Pellaea mentioned produced sporophytes apogamously only. Normal arche-_ gonia have not been found although antheridia were formed quite regularly. Apogamous embryos were- formed freely from living tissue near the apical sinus oF from other marginal masses of cells. It is not unusual to find two or more such embryos on one prothallium.
In Asplenium platyneuron there has been found an extreme sensitiveness to variations in light intensity : which also leads to the production of various prolifera-— tion and subsequent vegetative propagation. With a slight reduction in light intensity these prothallia will produce greatly elongated cells, several such cells appear- ing on the margin of an individual prothallium. With a slight increase in light intensity through a period of two or three days, each of these elongated cells will pro duce at its tip a group of cells resembling in every way 4 - normal young prothallium. In due time, as a matter of fact, these groups do develop into normal prothallia Alternating periods of bright days and dull days maj thus produce from a single spore several independent plants. .
There is always a question as to the relation betwee? stich laboratory experiments and the conditions found i2 nature. The following data may show that the results of the experimental work in this ease are closely paral | leled by actual findings in the field. :
i
eel im oes ai stds Se ere
NoTES ON XEROPHYTIC FERNS 55
Prothallia of Asplenium platyneuron and of Campto- sorus rhizophyllus have been found growing in the field in spring and summer, the former on soil in exposed _ locations, the latter protected by the mats of moss where this fern is commonly found growing. The size and con- dition of these prothallia indicated clearly that they had grown through one full summer season at least, and that they had lived through the following winter. Mature prothallia of Cheilanthes were found in abundance on exposed soil in such condition as to indicate without doubt that they had lived through at least one full sum- mer and the succeeding winter. These old prothallia found in the field showed in many cases the prolifera- tions and other peculiar vegetative growth which had previously been found in controlled cultures. There can be but little doubt as to the importance of the combina- tion of the ability to survive desiccation and extreme temperature changes together with the unusual capacity for vegetative propagation in the preservation of these Species of ferns.
One very Striking feature of Cheilanthes gracillima should be mentioned in this connection. The pinnules of this fern are covered with a dense tomentum below, and when dry their margins are rolled inward, forming 4 compact, nearly cylindrical body. This is the normal Summer condition and appearance of fronds that have matured in the spring. If such fronds are placed in a moist chamber, the pinnule margins unroll, and spores are scattered in abundance. The fronds may be allowed to become alternately dry and moist several times in suc- cession with the scattering of spores with each new moistening. That this fits into the conditions under Which the plants grow is shown clearly by close field ee rration. The spores are matured in April or May.
56 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
The fronds became dry and remain so through the summer. With the coming of fall rains they relax and the spores are scattered. The alternating damp and dry days of October furnish ideal conditions for the seatter- ing of spores and for the growth of prothallia.
It seems very probable that careful study of the de- velopment of other ferns growing in areas where extreme drought prevails through at least a part of the year will
show many other species with adaptive features similar —
to those noted above.
This material, in practically its present form, was pre-
sented at the summer meeting of the Ecological Society of America at Eugene, Oregon, June 20, 1930. A list
of titles of previous publications is given for the benefit —
of such as may care to know more details of the work.
GorBEL, D. Organography of Plants, English edition. 1900- 1905 |
CAMPBELL, D. ns Resistance of Drought by Liverworts. Torreya, | 4: 81-86. 1904. ;
PickeTT, F. L. . Resistance of the Prothallia of Camptosorus — rhizophyllus to Desiccation. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanica cal ub, 40: wae Nov
galas
1913. ss Pickett, F. L. Thi evetopnisit of the Prothallium of Campt °
i
i
‘
sorus rhizophyllus. The Botanical Gazette, 57: 228-238. 1914.
Pickett, F. L. Notes on the — of Extreme Drought by C Nov., 1
ertain Mosses. The Bryologist, 17: 94-94. Nov., 1914. Pickett, F. L. Some Ecological taaeee of Certain Fern
Prothallia—Camptosorus rhizophyllus Link, Asplenium platy- 477-498.
neuron kes. American Journal of Botany, 1: — 1914 T, F. L. An Eeological Study of siege procitiin Oct.,
Hawes of the pis Botanical Club, 50: 329-33 1923. and MANUE
Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 53: 1-6. Jan., 1926. Pickett, F. L., and MANUEL, Miuprep E. An Ecological Study of Certain Ferns: Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link and P. “
NotTES ON A FERN GARDEN S¥
bella Mett. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 53: 1-6. Jan., 1926.
Pickett, F. L., and THAYER, Lewis A. The Gametophytie De- velopment of Certain Ferns: Polypodium vulgare L. var. occi- dentale Hook. and Pellaea densa (Brack.) Hook. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 54: 249-255. Mar., 1927.
THE StaTE CoLLEGE OF WASHINGTON, PuLLMAN, WasH.
Notes on a New Jersey Fern Garden—II. W. Hersert Doe
PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA
Purple Cliff Brake suggests to me the limestone ridges of northwestern New Jersey. On a fern hunting expe- dition in 1928 to the vicinity of Newton this cliff brake was found in considerable abundance. Walking fern was plentiful in places and rue-spleenwort not uncom- mon, but I was chiefly interested in the cliff brake as the others were already in my garden and there was a little limestone cliff, or rather part limestone. waiting for new tenants.
Rue Spleenwort (Asplenium Ruta-muraria) was found the year before on rock ledges near Cranberry Lake. The ledges were not limestone and the plants were all Small, hardly over an inch in length. A few were brought home and planted on the miniature cliff; they are still growing but are no larger than when found. Near Newton Ruta-muraria was found on limestone Tocks, often in company with Purple Cliff Brake and Maidenhair Spleenwort and perhaps all three would be ‘rowding each other for the same foothold. In one tiny crevice was found three little fronds, one of each kind, crowded together. The group was carefully lifted and
-
58 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
replanted on my miniature cliff in the garden, where they were permitted to continue their struggle. Now, two years later, Pellaea atropurpurea seems to have won the contest; this year it sent up a tall, slim fertile frond as sign of vietory. Ruta-muraria has disappeared and Asplenium Trichomanes, exhausted, was able to hold up only two dwarfed fronds.
Several small plants of purple cliff brake were trans- ferred to the home garden; these have increased in size and number of fronds including tall fertile fronds.
Numerous sporelings have appeared on or below my limestone cliff; some of them may be seen in the illus- tration. These are being watched to see how they de- velop. One, at least, is Maidenhair Spleenwort, others | may be Lady or Marginal Shield fern.
In the construction of my limestone ‘‘cliff’’? I made use of a few pieces of limestone that I had obtained, but ~ not having enough, I made a substitute—hard coal cin- | ders crushed and mixed with sand and lime and a little cement to give strength; this aggregate was thoroughly mixed, with water added, and was east into irregular ‘ slabs three or four inches thick. a
For soil to pack between the layers of stone ordinary — leafmold was used, but to overcome its probable acidity — it was first put into a pail and lime water was poured over it from another pail of hydrated lime and water, — after the lime had settled. This leafmold, when par- — tially dry, was mixed with sand and limestone chips and was packed into the crevices as the pieces of stone were — set in place. e
Moss, brought from the woods, is very useful in a rock garden to pack into all cracks and surface voids. Some- times the moss will grow and add to the attractiveness of — the stones, giving an appearance of age to the rock ledges.
ae t
be ys 4 ie. ae + a ashen
:
PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA PLACE TWO YEARS; ASPLENIUM Ruta- MURARIA (AGAINST WHITE STONE AT CENTER), TWO YEARS,
60 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
ee
WoopDWARDIA AREOLATA
Woodwardia areolata recalls a fern-hunting expedi- | tion to the marshy woods south of Matawan, New Jer- sey, in 1928. The trip was made primarily in search of climbing fern, Lygodium palmatum. We were not suc cessful in finding the Lygodium that day, but later it was found in great abundance farther north, only a short distance from New Brunswick, and on another
acres about three miles north of Indian Springs, New Jersey. It is to be hoped that the forest fires in that region during the summer of 1930 did not wipe out this fern station.
Woodwardia areolata was found growing in marsh y woods along a sluggish stream and nearby on the sandy, banks we found seattered specimens of Dryopteris simi) lata (at right in illustration). :
Plants of both these ferns were brought home ané transplanted in my miniature bog garden. Both have
in size. In fact, areolata is inclined to travel’ and must be kept within bounds. It is a handsome fern ané makes an attractive addition to the fern garden. Like Lygodium, it is at its best in late summer and early fall; at the end of October this year (1930), after several light frosts, it was still in perfect condition, the dark-stemmet fertile fronds standing well above the sterile fronds Early in November a heavier frost caused the ster! fronds to wither, but the fertile fronds remained stan@® ing apparently untouched. 4
The ‘‘bog’’ garden is at the lowest end of the fer! garden. An irregularly shaped hole, about eight feet long and five feet wide, was dug out about two feet deep
1 See Mr. Pugsley’s article in this JournAL 19: §8-91.—Ed.
VULUME 21,°rGbATH oO
WOODWARDIA AREOLATA, IN PLACE TWO YEARS,
62 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
and was filled, first with a layer of small stones, then about six inches of decayed leaves and compost, and above that a mixture of sand, loam, humus and some peat moss. The upper two or three inches was mostly acid wood-mold, a little sand and peat moss, and some sphag- num moss. From time to time, when I have had an opportunity to gather fibrous acid soil from oak wood . or cinnamon fern swamps, some of it has been scattered over the surface. 3
During wet weather the ‘‘bog’’ gets enough water from surface drainage, but during dry spells water 1s supplied through a hose. A tile drain a few inches below the surface prevents the water from rising so hig ne as to flood the bog. -
latter is even more of a wanderer than areolata ana is
times; just at present it is trying to force its way amo ong the exedinal flower. gq
Other plants are being tried in the bog garden; thes above-mentioned clump of Lobelia cardinalis is esp cially vigorous. Parnassia caroliniana and Arethus bulbosa have bloomed several times. Cypripedium spectabile, Pyxie (‘‘flowering moss’’), a sundew an@ Iris verna have all bloomed, but may not ite be fully established.
WEstT ORANGE, N. J.
AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
Woopw ARDIA
spi
64 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
A List of Tennessee Ferns W. A. ANDERSON, JR. (Continued from p. 20)
ADIANTUM PEDATUM L.
Tipton’s Sugar Cove, Cades Cove, Blount County, June 14, 1928, Anderson, 984.
Near Greystone, Pas County, June 24, 1928, Anderson and Jennison, 1143.
gees Fork, Gatlinburg, Sevier County, June 10, 1928, Ander- on, 950.
Near Knoxville, May, 1898, Ruth.
Tullahooma, Coffee County, —————.,, 1867, Gattinger.
Nashville, —-————,, Gattinger
Triune, Williamson Suan. June, 1892, Bai
Erin, Houston County, May 24, 1920, plaer 17,607.
ADIANTUM CAPILLUS—VENERIS L.
The southern maidenhair has been found at several places in the Cumberland Mountains and on Lookout Mountain, but in no other parts of the state. It is a fern I have never collected, though I have seen fresh specimens brought in by other people.
Lookout Mountain, Hamilton County, Sept., 1875, oS 3709.
Jonas Bluff, Lookout Mountain, May , Fu
Near Jasper, Sequatchee Valley, July, 1892, eae
PTERIDIUM LATIUSCULUM (Desv.) Hieron., var. PSEUDOCAUDATUM (Clute) Maxon Pteris aquilina L. var. pseudocaudata Clute
In the ‘‘Ferns of Tennessee’? I listed Pteridium latiu-
sculum and illustrated it with a drawing of P. latiuscu- lum var. pseudocaudatum. This variety is the common form in Kentucky and Tennessee, and I confused it with — the species, which I did not know at that time. Upon comparing with Gray Herbarium material I find all my —
List or TENNESSEE FERNS 65
collection belongs to the variety, so assume that the mate- rial in the Tennessee herbarium is all the same. Cold Springs Knob, Greene County, June 23, 1928, Anderson and Jennison, 1139 Pinnacle Mountain near Greenbrier, Sevier County, Oct. 9, 1927, Anderson, Near ‘btu? 8 Falls, Cades Cove, Blount County, June 15, 1928, Anderson, 101 Sunshine, (Kinz Springs), Blount County, May 2, 1926, Jen- nison and Craggie ee Sad County, Aug. 20, 1922, Svenson, 342. Along Duck River, Humphreys County, Sept. 1, 1928, Anderson, 1051.
eee Chester County, and Jackson, Madison County, 1893, Bai
POLYPODIUM VIRGINIANUM L.
Syn. P. vulgare of authors, not L.
Plentiful in the Great Smoky Mountains.
_Tipton’s Sugar Cove, Cades Cove, Blount County, June 14, 1928, Anderson, 988
Roaring Fork, Gatlinburg, Sevier County, June 10, 1928, Ander- son, Y
a = Conte, Gatlinburg, Sevier County, May 20, 1926, W. L.
on
. Svnatain, Hamilton County, H. W. Raven Lemon’s Gap, Unik County, Aug. 7, 1892, Ruth, “ie White Clift Springs, Monroe County, June 29, 1890, Scribner. Wolf Creek, Cocke County, May 13 n
Cave Spring, Hamilton County, 1850, Gat
eee Marion County, Mrs. Bennett agen s collec-
is Preckive. Knoxville, May 25, 1926, W. iL Galyon.
Potypopium pouypoprowes (L.) Watt
Syn. P. incanum Sw.
In Tennessee the gray polypody grows either on rocks or trees. I have seen it near Knoxville on the same rock | with Pellaeg atropurpurea and Asplenium tt and also growing high on a tree in the same locali
66 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
On juniper sie or of Little River, near Walland, Blount ounty, 928, Anderson, 762.
Knoxville, te 7, 1893, orga
Carter oe Aug. 7, 1891, E. E. Gayle.
n tree trunk, base of bluffs, a Springs, Cheatham baat. Aug. 20, 1922, Svenson,
n alee aie virginiana, cedar eet Lavergne, Rutherford
189.
b
Peta Madison County, Apri , Bain Hollow Rock, Carroll Conny, ee On Quercus Phellos wamp, ves Rock Junction, (now
Bracien). Carroll ene Aug. 27, 1922, Svenson, 437.
LygopIuM PALMATUM (Bernh.) Sw.
On the Cumberland plateau, the climbing fern is locally abundant. There is one station in the Smokies, at Mr. Whittle’s summer cottage, part of the way up Mt. Le Conte. The stations in Monroe County are in the caer eee range also.
Cliff Springs, Monroe County, July 5, 1890, Scribner. aces Station, Monroe County, Aug., 1891, P. L. Cobb.
Burnt-over ground along creek, 7 miles from Bien Roane :
Cou Anderson
nty, Cumberland Plateau, May 22, 1929, Jennison and — , 127 é
— ae ‘ane ee west of Daysville, Cumberland County, :
Jul 1929, Anderson, Jennison and Hesler, 1388. Piney yaw Rhea County, Mrs. Bennett (Gaitingue’ s collection).
OSMUNDA REGALIS L. var. specTaBILIs ( Willd.) Gray Syn. Osmunda regalis of Am. authors in part.
White Cliff Springs, Monroe County, June 29, 1890, Scribner.
Fountain City, Knox County, Aug. 29, 1891, Kearney.
Swampy place on Cumberland Plateau, 5 miles from Rockwood, ane County, May 22, 1929, Anderson and Jennison, 1268.
Tullahooma, Coffee es Comnity. Aug., 1867, Gattinger.
Jackson, Madison County, May 10, 189-,
OsMUNDA CLAYTONIANA L.
Near top of Cades Cove Mountain, (2300 ft.), Cades Cove, Blount County, May 1, 1929, Anderson and Hesler, 1196.
List oF TENNESSEE FERNS 67
Roaring Fork, Gatlinburg, Sevier County (sterile), June 10, 8, Anderson, 938.
— top of mountain, Greystone, Greene County, June 24, 1928, Anderson and Jennison, 1065.
Lemon’s Gap, Cocke County, May 19, 1893, Kearney.
OSMUNDA CINNAMOMEA L. State line ridge, Gregory’s re Cades Cove, Blount County, i 2, Se Foot of Gregory’s B geet Coxe, Blount County, June 14,
Top of Cades Cove Mountain, Cades Cove, Blount County, May 20, 1928, Anderson, 909
Peincks Mountain, near Greenbrier, Sevier County, Oct. 9, 1927, Anderson, 691
State line siti above Greystone, Greene County, June 23, 1928,
148. Whiteside, Marion County, July 7, 1867, Gattinger. Walden’s Ridge, Mrs. Bennett (Gattinger’ B collogtion?. Lee’s Spring, Grange County, May 17, 1927 7, R. G. Henderson. Bethel, MeNairy Count é May ——,
AZOLLA CAROLINIANA Willd. Bradley County, 1856, Gattinger.
OPHIOGLOssUM vULGATUM L.
In the University of Tennessee Herbarium are three Sheets of Ophioglossum labeled ‘‘O. vulgatum.’’ As I was not very familiar with this genus, I accepted these at their face value without critical examination as to the _ Species. Two of the sheets have since been found to be O. Engelmanni at least in part. I have never collected any adder’s tongue ferns in Tennessee.
Forked Deer Bottoms, Haywood County, June 12, 1893, Bain.
OpHiogLossuM ENGELMANNI Prantl
Tn the Fern Bulletin (1898) Mrs. Britton mentions 0. Engelmanni as occurring in pomenr: Two sheets
68 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
of Tennessee specimens were found in the Gray Her- barium, and inquiries made at the New York Botanical Garden and at the University of Tennessee concerning specimens in those herbaria. Dr. Jennison, of the Uni- versity of Tennessee, after critically examining the speci- ments there labeled O. vulgatum, reports that one of Gattinger’s without locality but from Cedar Glades, and one from Lavergne, May 16, 1882, are O. Engelmanni at least in part. Dr. Rydberg writes that there are three specimens in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden of which two are Gattinger’s, one without local- ity and one, collected May, 1882, of which he could not make out the locality. In the Gray Herbarium is a sheet labeled O. vulgatum Cedar Glades, Lavergne, May 16, 1882, by Gattinger and annotated in Mrs. Britton’s hand- writing, ‘‘This is also 0. Engelmanni Prantl and adds a new state to its range.’’ All these specimens undoubt- edly represent two collections by Gattinger, one without date and one May 16, 1882. They both were from Lavergne, as ‘‘cedar glades’’ in Gattinger’s collection always refers to that locality.
Cedar Glades, —————, Gattinger. Lavergne, Rutherford County, May oe toy, Gattinger. Cedar Glades near Lavergne, May 17, 1923, Harper.
Open woods near Knoxville, Aug. 7, pies Ruth, 570.
BotrYcHIum DissEcTum Spreng. Syn. B. obliquum Muhl. var. dissectum (Spreng.) Clute.
B. dissectum grows in great profusion around Mr. Whittle’s summer cottage part of the way up Le Conte. It is there associated with B. dissectum Spreng. var. obliquum (Muhl.) Clute.
Whittle’s place, Gatlinburg, pans Bese Oct. 20, 1928, An-
derson, Hesler and Jenniso
Smoky Moinsetaal 1898, J. ms Te
oe a Oe a ets Se ng en aa a eee cae ae
List or TENNESSEE FERNS 69
BotrycHiIum DISsecTUM Spreng. var. OBLIQUUM (Muhl.) Clute
Syn. B. obliquum Muhl.
About two miles above Mr. Whittle’s place on Le Conte, there is another station where B. dissectum var. obliquum occurs. This one is in the Le Conte Creek ravine. The plants grow to huge size, several times as large as those farther down the montain.
Whittle’s place, Gatl ei Sevier County, Oct. 20, 1928, Ander-
son, Hesler and Jenni 1033. Le Conte, below falls, sale Sevier mee (a huge speci- men, resembles B. silaifolium), Oct. 12, 1928, Anderson, 1122. Trail to Abram’s Falls, Cades Cove, ri County, Sept. 30,
it 3. Near Knoxville, E. 8. Reynolds, Rhodora XIII: Hollow Bes Junction, (now Bruceton), ponte ue Aug. 27, 1922, Svenson, 385. Near MeMinnville, Wareds County, Rev. Robt. Gray. Madison and Chester Counties, Aug. and Sept., 1892, Bain. Glendale, Maury County, Sept. 7, 1867, Gattinger.
BotTrYCHIUM VIRGINIANUM (L.) Sw. Near top of ridge, Gregory’s Bald, Cades Cove, Blount County, June 14, 1928, Anderson, 978 Trail to Abram’s Falls, Cades ‘Cove June 15, 1928, Anderson, 994.
Knoxville, July 27, 1899, Ruth, 563.
Love’s Creek, Knoxville, Apr., 1927, W. L. Galyon
Cave Spring, Hamilton Coun me pele 1a Gattinger.
Nashville, July, 1867, Gattin
Joelton, Davidson County, Taly_ 16, 1922, Svenson,
Hollow Rock J unction, (now Bruceton), Carroll eae Aug. 27, 1922, Svenson, 386.
Jackson, Madison County, ————, 1892, Bain.
BIBLIOGRAPHY Anderson, W. A., Jr. . The Vevns of Tennessee. The University of Tennessee -Reeord, Extension Series, Vol. VI, No.
70 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
Britton, E. G. 1898. Four New Species of Ophioglossum. Fern Bulletin Wis.
Butters, Frederick K 1917. ies in North American Ferns. Rhodora XIX: —2.07
eel a 4 1a 1928. The Habitat and Distribution of the eg a, Spinu aa: Pocus: Am. Fern Jour. XVIII: Eaton, D. C. 1873. New or aoe Known og from the United States. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club IV: 11. Fernald, M. L. 1922. Polypodium virginianum and P. vulgare. Rhodora XXIV: 125.
1928. American Representatives of Asplenium Ruta-muraria.
Rhodora XXX: 37. 1929. A Study of Thelypteris palustris. Rhodora XXXI: 27. Ferriss, James H. 1899. The Tennessee pr ras the Hart’s Tongue Fern. Fern Bulletin VII:
1898. Asplenium Tsichomanes incisum (under Miscellany). Fern eer Vit Gattinger, Augus 1901. The bs, of Tennessee. Graves, E. W. 1930. A Visit to Sand Mountain, Alabama, AM. Fern JOUR. P. 9. Ce
Maxon, William R. 1900. The Hart’s Tongue in New York and Tennessee. Plant World, III: 129. 1900. On the Occurrence of the Hart’s Tongue in America. ernwort Papers, Linnean Fern Chapter 1901. The Hart’s Tongue in Tennessee. Fern Bulletin Ix: a.
Sadie F. 1901. Dryopteris spinaload intermedia (miscellany). Fern Bull. IX: 15, ere O54, . Changes in the Nomenclature of Gray’s Manual Ferns. Rhodora XXI: 173
A GLIMPSE OF ICELAND 71
Since this paper was in type and after two parts of it had been published, Trichomanes Petersii Gray has been found in Tennessee by members of the Department of Botany, University of Tennessee. A note by Mr. Aaron J. Sharp on the discovery of this rare fern ap- pears on page 75 of this issue of the Fern Journal.
TRICHOMANES PETERSI Gray
Tremont, Blount County, at about 1,500 feet altitude, April 11, 1931, A. J. Sharp, H. M. Jennison, Harlow Bishop.
Campripcr, Mass.
A Glimpse of Iceland Haroitp Gopparp Ruee
Two days only for the interesting island of Iceland gave little opportunity for botanizing there. Yet in that brief time I saw a good deal of the country outside Reykjavik, the capital. First, let me tell you that Ice- land is larger than Ireland, or than our own state of Kentucky. Although the Gulf tempers the climate near Reykjavik, so that last winter there were only three or four days of skating, nevertheless about one tenth of the Island is covered perpetually by snow or ice. Consider- ing the size of Iceland, the flora is rather limited. Only Sixteen varieties and forms of ferns are found. As the list is small I will give it.
Ophioglossum vulgatum L. var. polyphyllum A. Br. Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. Botrychium lanceolatum (Gmel.) Angstr.
Dryopteris filiz-mas f. subintegrum Doll. Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) Gray
72 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
Dryopteris lonchitis (L.) Ktze
- Dryopteris pulchella (Salisb.) Hayek. Dryopteris phegopteris (L.) Baumg. Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Rth. Athyrium alpestre — Ryl. Polypodium vulgare Blechnum spicant > With. Blechnum spicant var. fallax Lge.
This is the nomenclature which appears in Steffans- son’s ‘‘Flora Islands’’ published in Copenhagen in 1924.
At Thingvellir, about thirty miles from Reykjavik (the
scene of the first Icelandic Parliament in 900), I hunted for ferns late in the evening. During the latter half of June, and all of July and August there is continuous daylight for the twenty-four hours of the day. Although I was rewarded with many flowering plants, the real
heather (Calluna), forget-me-nots, wild thyme, thrift —
(Armeria vulgaris) and others, I found only one fern,
Cystopteris fragilis (.) Bernh, and only one plant ;
of that.
My second day, with a party of Appalachians, I | climbed Mt. Esja—2,500 feet in height—a mountain —
several miles distant from Reykjavik. Along the auto-
mobile highway I looked for ferns, but not a single one — did I see. In many places the ground was covered with | : lava. In fact, one twelfth of the entire island is so cov — ered. I might say here that in the two days I saw 20_ trees of any sort. There are a few groves, so called, of — stunted birches in two or three sections of the island, but that is all. On the grassy slopes near the foot of q Esja I was rewarded with several plants of Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. and on the ledges near the top of the mountain a single plant of Cystopteris fragilis (L-)
Bernh. Apparently Iceland is not a fern lover’s paradise.
d
A GLIMPSE OF ICELAND 73
Then on to the North Cape—a huge rocky promontory rising 1,000 feet sheer above the sea. In only one place is ascent possible. Here a tiny rivulet falls down over the rocks. On either side of this is a narrow stretch of vegetation. In other places the rocks are bleak and barren of vegetation for the most part, except lichens. Along the stream or by the path near by I discovered:
Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. Athyrium alpestre (Hoppe) Ryl. Dryopteris lonchitis (L.) Ktze. Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fée Phegopteris polypodioides Fée
With the ferns were dwarf willows, wild geranium, grass of Parnassus, a beautiful light pink dianthus, trollius, bunehberry, Silene acaulis, and buttereups.
In other sections of Norway I found an abundance of Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Rth., also Dryopteris filix- mas (L.) Schott, and in the mountains above Bergen, Blechnum spicant (L.) With. growing under evergreen trees.
At Innsbruck in the Austrian Tyrol, there was con- tinuous rain so that I could not get up in the mountains for botanizing. At Freiburg in Germany I had the same experience except that one day I did go out in the pour- ing rain on the Feldburg and found magnificent speci- mens of Athyrium alpestre (Hoppe) Ryl., one of the handsomest ferns I have ever seen. Motoring from Oberammergau to Munich I stopped a moment at the Castle of Neuschwanstein. Going up through the woods to the Castle I found Thelypteris Robertiana (Hoffm.) Slosson in abundance, many of the fronds of which were twice as large as our common oak fern. On damp stone walls Asplenium viride Huds. was common.
Hanover, N. H.
74 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
Recent Fern Literature
China is to be congratulated on the excellence of some of the botanical work that is now being vigorously prosecuted in several local institutions, for modern — botanical work in China, as to Chinese institutions, dates back only about ten years. This recently issued volume on Chinese ferns’ is an excellent example of modern Chinese printing as to format, typography, presentation of data, and illustrations. It was issued under the joint — auspices of the Metropolitan Museum of Natural His- tory, Nanking, and the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping. It is large quarto in size, and contains — the deseriptions in both English and Chinese, with very — excellent plates, of 51 species of Chinese ferns. Most of these have not previously been illustrated, and some of them were actually described for the first time im 1929. The figures cover macroscopic and some micro- scopic characters, and are unusually good. This volume, dedicated to Dr. Carl Christensen, should be in every fern lover’s library, and is almost indispensible to those — interested in the identification of Chinese ferns.—E. D. Merritu, New York Botanical Garden.
‘History of the Ferns of Chile’’ (Historia de los Helechos chilenos). Revista Universitaria, Vol. 15, Oc tober, 1930. By Gualterio Looser.
In 1906, the writer of this review began technical fern _ study with a reference to the work of a Spanish botanist, a Cavanilles, and specifically to his description of the trop- — ical fern genus Antrophyum. The present paper con- tains a review of the literature dealing with the ferns of Chile including both loeal writers, such as R. A. and
1 Hu, H. H., and Ching, R. C. Icones filicum siniearum. Fase. 1: 1-102. Pl 1-50. 1930.
RECENT FERN LITERATURE 7d
Frederico Philippi, Reiche, ete.—and various Euro- peans, including Skottsberg, Presl, Bertero, and others.
The brief lists of ferns included in this review are familiar for most of their genera, but naturally not for the species, only the omnipresent Cystopteris fragilis being represented. In a footnote, reference is made to a Fern Journat article, ‘‘The Ferns of Central Chile,”’ published in the second number of 1930.
Insurious Fungus Parasite of EquiseTuM.—During the past year a fungus disease of Equisetum praealtum Raf. has become very severe around Columbus, Ohio. The fungus is one of the Discomycetae, Stamnaria amert- cana Massee & Morgan. This species was originally de- Seribed from Preston, Ohio. It differs from the Euro- pean Stamnaria equiseti in having much larger asei and Spores. It forms large patches more especially on the lower internodes and these spread until the stem is so much injured that the shoot dies. The little cups break out in more or less longitudinal rows and when fresh have a yellowish orange color, giving very much the ap- pearance of an ordinary rust. The cups are too small to be distinguished by the naked eye. Some parts of a large patch of Equisetum near Columbus have nearly every stalk infected, with a large percentage of them dead—Joun H. Scuarrner, Columbus, Ohio.
TricHomanes Perersit A. Gray IN TENNESSEE.—On Saturday and Sunday, April 11 and 12, 1931, the Smoky Mountains Hiking Club of Knoxville made a trip to Thunderhead Mountain in the Great Smokies via Townsend and Tremont, Tennessee. Making bbs Proved to be a fortunate decision, Dr. H. M. Jennison, Mr. Harlow Bishop and the writer started some hours
76 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
in advance of the Club group in order to make some botanical collections. While searching for mosses in the moist ravines along the middle prong of the Little River above Townsend, the writer found on the faces of sand- stone boulders and ledges overhanging a small brook, a growth which at first appeared to be a thin thalloid liverwort. Closer examination of the plants with a hand-lens revealed fronds with veins and terminal sori. A short pause for searching the memory was followed by whoops of joy, when the plants were recognized as the rare Trichomanes Petersiti A. Gray. Comparison of the collection with material from Alabama on file in the herbarium of the University of Tennessee confirmed the determination. This fern may now be recorded from near Tremont, Blount County, Tennessee, which is the seventh known station’ for the United States. We are happy to report that the new station is within the bounds of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and under the supervision and control of the National Parks Ser- vice.—AARON J. SHarp, University of Tennessee, Knox- ville, Tennessee.
Fern lovers may be interested to know that two fine specimens of Holly Fern (Cyrtomium falcatum) are growing in an old well at Cromwell, Connecticut. The spores must have blown in there from a plant a short distance away. They have survived two winters and at present writing (April, 1931) are in fine condition.— FLORENCE C. HuspBarp, Cromwell, Conn.
1Graves, E. W. The Fern Flora of Alabama. American Fern Journal 10: 65-82. 1920.
AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY 77
American Fern Society Report of the President for 1930
Aside from the general excellence of the Journat for 1930, to which as usual we are indebted mainly to the enterprise of our Editors, the Society is to be congratu- lated on its decided progress in library matters. Mem- bers are referred particularly to Dr. Benedict’s 15-page article entitled, ‘‘Fern Books to Lend,’’ in the first num- ber of the Journa for 1931, which presents a list of titles of fern books and pamphlets belonging to the Fern Society, a list of similar publications belonging to the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, the text of the agreement be- tween the Society and the Garden relating to ‘‘deposits and loans,’’ and an explanation of the method and terms under which these publications may be lent for the bene- fit of the Society’s members. This plan, which had been considered informally for some time previously, was mentioned briefly in my report for 1928 as having been authorized by the Council. The agreement was signed April 21, 1930, and actually became effective last Sep- tember, on the receipt of the Society’s publications by the Librarian of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. The arrangement thus made bids fair to be a great success. Certainly it is capable of much benefit to the members. Its usefulness will, of course, be greatly increased with the growth of the Library, and to this end the Council 1s allotting extra funds for the purchase of Eaton’s “Ferns of North Ameriea’’ and other standard works. Members can assist very materially also by donating Copies of their own writings, as well as the commoner _ fern books and such miscellaneous papers as they may happen to have in duplicate. With a little consistent effort a fair reference library can thus be built up, as Pointed out very effectively by Dr. Benedict, thr ough Whose personal effort the whole plan has taken form.
78 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
As to the JouRNAL, present plans look to the publica- tion of nearly as many pages in 1931 as in 1930, the high- water mark thus far. The Council is squarely behind the Editors in their effort to extend and otherwise to im- prove the Journal, and urges all members to take ad- vantage of the opportunity of publication there pre- sented. Numerous short articles—the more the better— are just as welcome as ever.
Wiuuiam R. Maxon, President
Report of the Editors for 1930
The Editors take pride in reporting for 1930. It was the JouRNAL’s twentieth year—a definite milestone; in honor of the anniversary, an effort was made to produce the best volume yet. Letters inviting contributions were sent to promising members, especially foreign ones; a good proportion of them responded generously. As 4 result, we were able to publish 164. pages, by about 25 different authors, from eleven states and five foreign countries, and eleven illustrations. The articles, exclu- sive of those about different parts of North America, related to New Zealand, eastern Asia, Chile, Great Britain and various tropical regions, and included re- visions of two small genera, Onychium and Cyrtomium. Altogether, the volume was, we believe, not only the largest, but the most comprehensive we have yet had. This happy result was due to the cordial cooperation of our contributors; they have our sincerest thanks.
A complete survey of the twenty volumes will show a total of more than 2800 pages. If we may judge by the response to sample copies, the FERN JouRNAL is its own best advertisement. A considerable proportion of those to whom sample copies are sent join the Fern Society. Recently some effort has been made to extend — knowledge of the fact that there are a Fern Society and o
AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY 79
a JOURNAL by means of exchange advertisements in additional publications. One such, in the educational journal, ‘‘School Science and Mathematies,’’ has already incited a considerable number of requests for samples. If the additional emphasis on the Fern Society Li-
brary and the opportunities for borrowing from the larger collection of the Brooklyn Botanie Garden Li- brary may be considered as a phase of editorial work, attention may be drawn to the list of publications avail- able in Vol. 21, no. 1, and to several additional titles which have been added to the Fern Society Library Since that list was published and are recorded elsewhere in this number. The value of this loan arrangement for Fern Society members is obvious. The Editors hope that full use will be made of it and that this use will re- sult in more articles for the JOURNAL.
R. C. BENEDICT,
E. J. WINSLOW,
C. A. WEATHERBY,
Editors
Dr. Georges Poirault, well-known for his intensive Study on the propagation of ferns, has written that his collection has suffered much damage by unfavorable cli- matic conditions. In order to reconstruct this impor- tant collection he desires to have.spores of any American Species. Members of the society who have or can collect ‘Such spores during the coming season will be doing a Bteat Service to science by sending them to Dr. Georges Poirault, Villa Thuret, Cap d’Antibes, France.—Car- Lorra C. Haut.
Dr. Paul Kestner, Chailly Village, Lausanne, Switzer- land, would like to obtain spores of the following species,
_ ® addition to those listed in the preceding number of — : the Journal,
80 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
Woodsia Cathcartiana Cryptogramma acrostichoides ca oregana ° as ensa& Dryopteris fragrans The following items have been added to the Society library by purchase:
Britten, James. European ferns.
Clute, W. N. The fern allie
Clute, W. N. Our ferns in dink ears North American Flora, vol. 16, pt. 1. Shreve, Forrest. Jamaican ymenophvcee Underwood, L. M. Our native fer
Waters, C. E. Ferns.
Mr. C. M. Litch has generously presented to the library an additional copy of Britten’s ‘‘European
Ferns.’’ The cordial thanks of the Society are extended
to him.
The Editors wish to thank Dr. Maxon for his gift of © 35 copies of early numbers of the Journal; and Messrs. R. A. Ware and E. H. Clarkson for similar gifts.
We are again indebted to Mr. W. H. Dole for defray-
ing the cost of the attractive illustrations which accom —
pany his article; and again he has our best thanks.
New members: rjorie Ruth, 422 Eddy St., Ithaca, N. Y.
Ross, Miss Mar Webstee, Mrs. Hollis, 1060 Masathasotts Ave., Lenaetie: Mass. —
Changes of address:
soar ent, Room 416B Botany, Stanford 7 Cal.
Steil, Dr. W. N., 748 North 23rd St., Milwaukee. A Mrs. William, Jr., 12 Marlboro St., Seta Mass. — Wilcox, Miss Alice W., 750 No rth Chester Ave., Pasadena, Cal.
sa aR eH ie eel pe
a at ao
THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB
MEMBERSHIP Including Bulletin, Memoirs, and Torreya, $5.00 a year PUBLICATIONS Bulletin. oy, established 1870. Price, $4.00 a beef mage numbers 40 ee Of former volumes, only 24-47 can be sup- plied eae Manuseripts inten set for vabticgiem in the
LLETIN should be addressed to cy E. Hazen, Editor, Barnard College, Columbia Satvasetion ines York City. Torreya. Bi-m sh Reais 1901. a borg $1.00 a Manuscripts intended f r publication in Torreya should ae “an ae ed to Gzorce T. apres: Editor, Robbins "Place, Yonkers,
Memoirs, Occasional, established 1889. Price, $3.00 a volume. Preliminary Catalogue of Anthophyta and Faded aa es within 100 miles of New York City, 1888, Price, $1. Peta Subscriptions and other business communications should be ad- h eae Bi the Treasurer, Mrs. Helen M. Lag e, Box 42, Schermer- orn , Columbia University, New York Cit
BOOKS BY THE FOUNDER OF THE AMERICAN FERN — HOEY
American Plant Names. 248 pp. All the common names of eastern American plants—1700 ~ eee the correct technical names.
ee a aaa a ete aE 25
Fern nie of North America. 288 pp. 155 ill. Thé caly beck $4.00
Our Ferns in their ase 333 pp. 225 ill, The pGntard work 2. eae $3.50
WILLARD N. CLUTE & oe Butler University, Indianapo.
The Science Press Printing Company
Printers of Scientific and Educational Breer: Monographs
JAQUES Car TELL, Information é Sas sete . a ie aaa
Lime and Green Sts., Lancaster, Penna.
THE BRYOLOGIST PUBLISHED BY THE SULLIVANT MOSS SOCIETY
The only —— ine in English wholly devoted to Mosses, Hepaties, and Lichen sionals "Year = euetra ted 5 for the he United § as well as i : L
A, TENNYSON BEALS 2929 Broadway NEW YORK CITY
BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN MEMOIR IRS e I: 33 contributions by various authors on genetics, pathol-
sg jue $3.50 plus posta Volum : The vegetation of ee Island., Part 1. The vegetation of Checedk ts ‘etc. Pub. 1923. 108 pp. Price, $1.00. ‘ ‘Volume Til: The vegetation of _ Desert, Maine, and its environ;
ment. By Barrington Moore and Norman Taylor. 151 pages, oot text figures, vegetation map in colors. June 10, 1927. Price, $1.60. Sing RICAN JOURNAL OF TANY All Branches of tai Scienc
Sa ead Tait excep st nag Sept aa 7 8 Publication of the Botanical Society of Ameri 8 bectiptinsés “fhe year for complete volumes (Jan. to Dec.). Pets ‘of yvolum t
rs mea Fe number rate, Single io mabe: $1.00 each, pore free. “Fo reig. stage: 40 cents.
oted to All Forms of Lif n Relation o Env : oa
Established 1920. ua rterly.: Ofticta! Publication of ane sna i Society of America. Subscription,.$4 a year for comes bam (Jan. s Dec.). —— of volumes.at the single number rate, . Sin numbers, $1.25 post free. Foreign postage: 20 cents.
tree vestigations on Heredit Variatio
Established. Tie Be “monthly. Subscription, "$6 3 a Siar for complete yolumes (Jan ec.). Parts of volumes at the single num mber Single cha $125 post randy ge BO C ents.
BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN, Brooklyn, N. ¥. U. 5. * ————
barrvedveee et mever || Field and Herbarium Equipe!
& amuees ag Fern Trowels lant Presses n es
WAVERLEY MASS_USA.
Write to-day for Catalog F 91
CAMBOSCO SCIENTIFIC COMPANY
WAVERLEY. MASS.. U.S.A.
Vol, 21 July-September, 1931 No. 3 /
American Hern Journal
A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS -
Published by the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY
oe
EDITORS R. C. BENEDICT E. J. WINSLOW C. A. WEATHERBY
oe
CONTENTS
Some Pteridophytes of North Carolina..H. L. Brouquist 81 Studies of Equiseta in European Herbaria
neha ak ie tea een J. H. Scuarrxner 90 Notes on a New J ersey Fern Garden—Ill....W. H. Dore 108 Fern Notes from Southern California........ JoserpH Ewan 106 Recent Pern Litetatwre. 2. 3 oe ee ae 109 Shorter Notes.—The oldest living Fern. Asplenium Brad-
leyi €troneously reported on Limestone......-..---- iil welch Dern Society... ee 114
ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $125: FOREIGN, nee’ to eElV & LIME & GREEN STS., LANCASTER, P& gs
Ente ered ag Second-cl office a under the A 0 ea Ae ‘lass matter at at the pe re ‘for 2 “i
authori eostage on sided 1 for in Eilers sng 1103, Act ef 191
Che American Hern Society
Council for 1931 OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR Wittiam R. Maxon, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, Sea én Mrs. CarLOTTa “ ee. Stanford University, Calif., Vice-president Rev. C. 8. Lewis, Trinity Rectory, Plattsburg, N. Yu Secretar J. G. rs paalstlie Hartlead, V Treasurer
OFFICIAL ORGAN
Ampriran — Journal
EDITOR Rape C. BenepicrT 1819 Assan me is betes N. Y¥. E. J. WiNsLtow rndale, Mass. C. A. WEATHERBY ts cubes dge, Mass.
An illustrated quarterly devoted to the general study of ferns.
Subseription, $1.25 per year, foreign, 10 cents extra; ”
to members of the AMERICAN so SOCIETY (a cout dues,
$1.50; life membership, $25.00). Extracted reprints, if order ed in
advance, will be furnished authors at ses They should be ordered urned.
ai o. 1; vol. . 4; and vol. IV, no, 1 cannot be supplied except with -
atter for aE! should be addressed to R. C. Benedict at 1819 Pome Road, or Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1000 W: ington Ave., Brooklyn, N, Y. Orders for back pcanet should be sent to the Secretary ess Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, N. ¥. Other business com aids es should be addressed to E. J. WmNSLOW, Aubursdals
CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM L. 8. Horxrs Culver-Stockton College, Canton, Me the A regular loan department is main maintained in connection with ; peat ming anion Members may borrow specimens ore - th all or express ¢ Sere Reena tees ee
ry time. pian ot the Searels open to mem’ ho wish to those
; '
i 3 : : ; pi q : 4 5
Amprican Fern Journal
Vou. 21 JULY-SEPTEMBER No. 3
Some of the Pteridophytes of North Carolina and Their Distribution
H. L. Buomauist
The state of North Carolina embraces a region of peculiar fascination to the botanist, especially if he is floristically inclined’ and interested in observing and Studying plants in their native homes. The flora of the State is rich in variety, due largely to its latitude and varied topographical features which include a seacoast at one end, a mountainous region at the other, and a broad area of foothills of varying altitudes between. A _ Correspondence in the distribution of some of the species Which make up the flora and fauna of North Carolina With these three main physiographical regions has led to a division of the state into three biological or life zones. These are, the eastern or Atlantic coastal plain, the middle or piedmont, and the western or the mountain. From the standpoint of vegetation, although it may be *asy to say that this or that species is found only in this or that zone, it is difficult to draw sharp lines of separa- tion between them. ‘This is due to a considerable over- lapping of species and to the fact that some species are ‘ommon to all of them. However, while there may be °verlapping, the proportion of the species which make "Up the composition of the flora varies enough so that the Physiognomy of the vegetation is different in the differ- _ [Volume 21, No. 2 of the JourNnaL, pages 49-80, plates 4-6, was issued June 20, 1931.]
| 81
82 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
ent zones. The flora of the coastal plain is more dis- tinctive than the other two and is more sharply delimited from the piedmont than the latter is from the mountain zone.
While my interest in the plants of North Carolina since coming here eleven years ago has not been confined to ferns and fern allies, I have in all my excursions taken notice of them and included them in my collec- tions. Since, so far as I know, no recent report has been made of these plants from this state, I thought it might be of interest to write down some of the observa- tions which I have made.
From the standpoint of distribution the club mosses seem to be the most definite. Lycopodium alopecuroides and L. carolinianum are confined to the Atlantic coastal plain. Besides these, is found on sand ridges Selaginella acanthonota, a xerophytie form which I have not col- lected but which has been reported by Wells? and others. In the middle, or piedmont section, the only common club moss is Lycopodium complanatum or ‘‘running cedar’’ as it is locally called. Selaginella apus is found along ditches and in swampy places but it does not seem! to be as abundant here as in the western section. In the mountain section I have never seen L. complanatum where it seems to be replaced by the closely related
species L. tristachyum. This is found in rich soil,
especially near upland bogs where it is associated with L. obscurum. At higher altitudes, under spruce and fir, L. lucidulum is quite common and may extend lower down along the streams. In the southwestern sectio? of the mountains of North Carolina especially wher more rocky slopes are exposed, the rock Selaginellas are
1 Wells, B. W. Plant communities of the coastal plain of North Carolina and their successional relations. Ecology, Vol. IX, No. 2, April, 1928.
Cp Eg SP Pigs hes eee eg ene eae eee Ses es ye eee
PTERIDOPHYTES OF NortH CAROLINA 83
very common and give a greenish tint to the pale lichen associations composed mostly of reindeer moss (Cla- donia). The most common of these is apparently S. tortipila. Others reported from this section are 8S. sherwoodii and 8. rupestris,? neither of which I have to my knowledge collected.
The first time I ever saw Isoetes (Plate 7) in nature was in a ditch near Rosman, in the summer of 1922. This was identified by Dr. Pfeiffer, of the Boyce Thomp- Son Institute of Plant Research, as I. Engelmannii. Since then I have found it in great abundance in many of the artificial lakes of w estern North Carolina.
The only Equisetum I have found in the state is E. praealtum Rat. (E. robustum). This species grows in large patehes between Durham and Chapel Hill. The only other place where I have found it is along a road near the Tuckaseigee Station between Sylva and Glen- ville. Other Equisetums have been reported from the State but apparently these are rather rare and local.
The Bulb Fern (Cystopteris bulbifera) seems to be rare in North Carolina as is also the Purple Cliff Brake (Pellea atropur purea). The former I have not found *xcept in a spring which gushes out of a granite wall in the Nanthahala Gorge between Bryson City and Andrews, and the latter was found by one of my stu- dents, Miss Susan B. Leonard, of Atlanta, Georgia, at Chimney Rock.
The Climbing Fern (Lygodium palmatum) I have not collected myself but I have obtained specimens from Professor E. H. Hall, of the North Carolina College for Women, which he collected at Piedmont Springs, Dan- berry. Dr. Holmes, of the State Department of For- See bes told me that he has found it near Tuckaseigee
*Eseltine, G. P. Van. The allies of Selaginella rupestris in the tontheasten United States. Contrib. Nat. Herb., Vol. XX, 1917.
84 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
Falls. Two other ferns collected by Professor Hall,’ which I have not collected, are Asplenium Ruta-muraria and Ophioglossum vulgatum, both of which were found near Greensboro.
Of the ferns proper, the coastal plain has very few. The most common-ones seem to be, the Cinnamon Fern (Osmunda cinnamomea), the Ebony Spleenwort (As- plenium platyneuron), the Gray Polypody (Polypodium polypodioides), and the Chain Fern (Woodwardia areo- lata). The first three, however, occur all over the state. The Cinnamon Fern is found even on mountain tops and in some places between the ridges grows in great profu- sion. The Gray Polypody likewise is distributed from the coast to the mountains but its habitat varies. In the eastern part of the state it grows exclusively on trees while in the western section it is found only on rocks. In the piedmont section, especially around Durham, it grows both on trees and rocks. The most common fern in the piedmont section is the Christmas Fern (Poly- stichum acrostichoides). There is considerable variety of ferns in this section but the plants are rather seat- tered and do not develop in such profusion as some of the same ferns do in the mountainous part of the state. Besides some of the rarer ferns mentioned above, the Mountain Spleenwort (Asplenium montanum) seems also to be confined to the western section. It is quite
abundant in eracks in granite cliffs, especially neat :
waterfalls. In the mountain section the ferns grow 12 many places in great profusion. It is not uncommon t? see the New York Fern (Dryopteris noveboracensis), the Interrupted Fern (Osmunda Claytoniana), the Lowland Lady Fern (Athyrium asplenioides), and the Hay
’ Hall, Earl H. A partial check list of the ferns found in the
Mountain Park and Roaring Gap region. Jour. Elisha Mitchell —
Scientific Society, Vol. 46, No. 1, Nov., 1930.
AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 21, PLATE 7
Isorres ENGELMANNI VAR. CAROLINIANA A. A. EATON FROM MED-
FORD POND NEAR LAKE JUNALUSKA, NorRTH CAROLINA
86 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
scented Fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula) in almost pure stands. The Hay-scented Fern seems to be espe- cially hardy and is favored by grazing so that in some upland pastures it is gradually replacing all other vegetation (Plate 8)
Below is a list of the ferns and fern allies from North Carolina which I have collected and a few which have been collected and reported by others recently. After each name is given the name of the section in which each is most likely to be found. Where two sections are given, the first one is where the fern is found in greater abun- dance. The ones marked * I have not collected myself.
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE *Ophioglossum vulgatum L. Piedmont Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. Piedmont and western Botrychium dissectum (Spreng.) Torr. Piedmont and western Botrychiwm obliquum Mauhl. Piedmont and western OSMUNDACEAE Osmunda cinnamomea L. General Osmunda regalis L. Western and ‘piechatll Osmunda Claytoniana L. Western and piedmont ScHIZAEACEAE
*Lygodium palmatum
(Bernh.) Sw. Western PoLYPODIACEAE Polypodium virginianum L Piedmont and westerl 4
Polypodium tesaohirshae (L.) Wat General
AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 21, PLaTE 8
THE HAY-SCENTED FERN (DENNSTAEDTIA PUNCTILOBULA) IN ALMOST PURE STAND IN UPLAND PASTURE, BLOWING Rock, NortH CAROLINA
88 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
Pteridium latiusculum var. pseudocaudatum (Clute) Maxon
Adiantum pedatum L.
Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link
Cheilanthes lanosa (Michx.) Watt
Asplenium Trichomanes .
Asplenium montanum Willd.
Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes *Asplenium Ruta-muraria L. Athyrium acrostichoides (Sw.) Diels - Athyrium asplenioides (Michx.) Desv. Camptosorus rhizophyllus ; (L.) Link Woodwardia areolata (L.) Moore Onoclea sensibilis L. Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A Gray Dryopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) C. Chr. Dryopteris noveboracensis (L.) A. Gray Dryopteris thelypteris (L.) A. Gray Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) Gray
Piedmont and western Western and piedmont
Western Western and piedmont Western and piedmont
Western
General Piedmont
Western Western Western and piedmont
Eastern and piedmont Western
Piedmont and wester? Western and piedmont — Western and piedmont Western and piedmont | Grneal
Western
PTERIDOPHYTES OF NortTH CAROLINA 89
Dryopteris intermedia (Muhl.) Gray Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray Dennstaedtia punctilobula ichx.) Moore Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh. Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr.
Piedmont and western Westati and piedmont Western and piedmont Western Western
Western and piedmont
EQUISETACEAE
Equisetum praealtum Raf.
Piedmont and western
LYCOPODIACEAE Lycopodium lucidulum Michx. Western Lycopodium obscurum L. Western Lycopodium tristachyum ursh Western Lycopodium complanatum L. Piedmont Lycopodium alopecuroides L. Eastern Lycopodium carolinianum L. Eastern SELAGINELLACEAE
claginella apus (li.) Spring elaginella tortipila A. Br.
% é Selaginella Sherwoodii eo , Underw. Selaginella rupestris
20. % ‘ ; Selaginellg acanthonota Underw.
Western and piedmont Western
Western Western
Eastern
90 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
ISOETACEAE Isoetes Engelmannii var. caroliniana A. A. Eaton ‘Western
I wish to acknowledge with thanks my obligations to Professor E. H. Hall, of the North Carolina College for Women, for the specimens he has donated to me; to Dr. Maxon and his associates for confirming some of the identifications and making others, and to Dr. Pfeiffer for identifying the Isoetes.
Duke University, Duruam, N. C.
Studies of Equiseta in European Herbaria*
JoHN H. ScHAFFNER
Various problems in relation to certain species of Equisetum had presented themselves to the writer whieh he was not able to solve with the inadequate material 1m American herbaria. The summer of 1930 was, there- fore, spent in Europe in studying herbarium material and the opportunity was also afforded of attending the Fifth International Botanical Congress at Cambridge, England, August 16-23. The investigations were made at the following herbaria where a large number of records on the geographic distribution of all the species was also obtained: The Amsterdam Botanie Garden, the , Berlin Botanic Garden, the Basel Botanie Garden, the : Ziirich Botanie Garden, the Herbier Boissier of the Unt | versity of Geneva, the Herbier Delessert of the Geneva — Botanic Garden, the Herbarium of Cambridge Unive — sity, the herbarium of the British Museum of Natural : History, London, the Linnean Herbarium owned by the —
* Papers from the Department of Botany, the Oh‘o State Unie versity, No. 000, :
EQuIseTA IN EvuroPpEAN HERBARIA 91
Linnean Society of London, and the Kew Herbarium at the Kew Royal Botanie Garden. The writer is under great obligations to the Directors, Curators, and Keepers at all of these institutions and desires hereby to express his sincere thanks for the many courtesies shown and for much kindly assistance given to further his studies, which had to be made rather hurriedly because of lim- ited time.
The deductions given below are based on the writer’s own determination on good material. In all herbaria there has been much confusion in determinations and names. Hquisetum moorei is sometimes confused with E. trachyodon, E. diffusum with E. arvense, E. arvense with E. telmateia. E. trachyodon is sometimes labeled E. hiemale schleicheri, sometimes E. hiemale doellu, ete. Under the name E. laevigatum were found not only the true E. laevigatum but also perfect specimens of EL. praealtum, EB. fluviatile, and E. kansanum. A Specimen of E. trachyodon from Vancouver Island with long cylindrical, black, crusty sheaths, short persistent teeth, and other characters peculiar to this species, was labeled E. ramosissimum and has frequently been quoted as such in distribution records. The whole Equisetum problem has also been greatly confused by a ridiculous multiplication of varietal names which in most cases at least represent nothing but ordinary fiuctuations. Some- times these ‘‘varieties’’ do not even belong to the species to which they are attached. A beginner then must nec- essarily be greatly confused if he attempts to draw con- clusions from the usual herbarium material both in America and Europe.
Equiserum RAMOSISSIMUM DesF. AND EQUISETUM DEBILE Rox.
In general, E. ramosissimum extends from the Azores
and the British Isles to Japan and through eastern
92 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
Africa to Cape Colony, while EZ. debile extends from northern India and Ceylon through the East Indies to | the Fiji Islands. Baker considered the species as doubt- fully distinct and an attempt was, therefore, made to dis- cover distinguishing characters if such were present. Although a supposed distinction is sometimes based on the sheath segments as rounded in E. ramosissimum and flattened with angular sides in EH. debile this seems of no importance. An important difference was found in the comparative lengths of the sheaths of large shoots. The sheaths of E. ramosissimum are usually twice as long or more as those of EH. debile. In the latter species the sheaths are usually about as long as broad in the large shoots. It is easy to separate the two species by this character if ideal specimens are in hand (Figs. 1, 2). but smaller specimens of EZ. ramosissimum show no such distinction (Fig. 3). Apparently there are two distinct hereditary types but their fluctuations are so extreme that they overlap completely. E. debile seems to be the only form in southeastern Asia and the East Indies while E. ramosissimum is represented in the rest of Asia, Europe, and Africa. On the geographic transition it seems impossible to tell imperfect specimens apart, 80 there is nothing left to do but to draw the geographic line and name the specimens accordingly.
Without the teeth, which are frequently not shed, the _ sheaths of large specimens of E. debile are usually less os than 14 in. (10 mm.) long while those of HE. ramosts- — simum are fully 1 in. (25 mm.) in plants of correspond: a ing size. The sheaths of large specimens of £. ramosis- simum frequently turn brown with a papery texture. In this respect there is some similarity to E. gigantewm ae
and E. myriochaetum. All of the supposed E. ramost
simum of South America turned out to be small spec: mens of E. giganteum easily distinguished by its bands ;
VOLUME 21, PLaTe 9
AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
: ann < SEE a Sisal a — a = ;
Se oe
Se Se asta, “SND Sa as — _
* =aEY = $e 228 ee Bind rTM
TS ASS YS AAS vi ie Oe
geting te uy a Ae 2 ee
a a hn as AE
94 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
of stomata. In eastern and southern Mexico, improp- erly developed FE. laevigatum or E. myriochaetum are sometimes referred to FE. ramosissimum. Supposed specimens of E. ramosissimum from British Columbia turned out to be E. trachyodon. It is possible that E. ramosissimum is on the Pacific Coast of the United States, either native or introduced from Japan or China. It would be difficult to distinguish it from branched forms of E. laevigatum. Some specimens obtained from Mr. F. M. Cota from San Diego, California, appeared s0 similar to the smaller E. ramosissimum specimens of Europe and Asia that, had their origin not been known, they would have been determined as the latter species without any hesitation. This is a problem to be settled on the pacific coast. It appears to the writer that £. debile Roxb. is properly entitled to specific rank. Just because one cannot separate certain imperfect specimens is not to be taken as a criterion for the union of the two. One cannot easily separate young calves of horned and hornless cattle and those hybrids which have seurs in the mature condition, yet they represent three distinct he- reditary types. E. laevigatum can be separated from E. ramosissimum as follows: It is much less branched and has more truncate, more ampliated, and more pel sistently green sheaths. The sheath segments of ZF.
laevigatum have a central ridge and the same is usually true for E. ramosissimum but the latter may also have a central groove in the sheath segments of large sheaths or if a large shoot has developed from a broken stem.
EQUISETUM MYRIOCHAETUM ScHL. & CHAM. Baker included E. myriochaetum with E. giganteum — and also stated that E. zylochaetum was closely allied t0 — E. giganteum. But EF. myriochaetum has a very char- acteristic feature in that the stomata on the main stem :
EQuIseTa IN EuRoPEAN HERBARIA . 95
are in lines (Fig. 4), as in the typical EQUISETA HIBERNA while E. giganteum and E. xylochaetum have ‘the Stomata in bands commonly composed of three to five lines each (Fig. 5). E. myriochaetum sometimes has double lines of stomata for some distance and the same is true for large specimens of E. ramosissimum which must be regarded as the next higher species in the gen- eral series.
E. myriochaetum occurs in southern Mexico and oe- casionally in Central America and northern South America. Among other characteristic differences, Z£. tylochaetum has flat sheath segments and rigid, black, linear teeth which give out a twanging sound when Picked while EZ. giganteum has much more membranous teeth and its sheath segments have a definite central ridge. Baker was right in disregarding E. schaffneri, E. pyramidale, and E. martii. They appear to be mere fluctuations of E. giganteum and E. xylochaetum. One could describe a large number of ‘“‘species’’ in Equise- tum based on such superficial characters as are supposed to be characteristic of these three ‘species.’
The sheath of E. myriochaetum is very truncate, sreen in its earlier stages, nearly cylindrical, shorter than wide, with readily deciduous teeth and with sheath Segments that are 3-keeled in the lower part or some- times nearly to the top. The lines of stomata are very Prominent and the large stem is usually nearly smooth,
arely showing ridges. This species is then the proper onnecting link between E. gigantewm on the one hand and E. ramosissimum and E. laevigatum on the other. The ranges of BE. myriochaetum and E. laevigatum come together in southern Mexico. EQuIsETUM MOOoREI NEWM.
_ At various times a form of Equisetum intermediate M character between E. ramosissimum and E. hiemale
96 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
has been described from western Europe. E. ramosissi- mum is rather sensitive to frost but does frequently survive to the second year. It is not to be considered as an annual, however. The writer has seen large E. ramosissimum specimens which had endured the winter successfully, only the upper end being dead. The intermediate plant leading over to EZ. hiemale is about equally resistant to cold or more so. This plant is to be recognized as a proper species with the name JL. moorei Newm. Edward Newman described E. moore? as a species in 1854.1. The description given is as follows:
**Rhizome not noticed.
Stems annual, completely deciduous, 20-30 inches in length, 3 or 4 united at base, perfectly erect, always unbranched, acuminate, oradually tapering throughout their length, with 12 (more or less) deep, well-marked striae ; the surface rough and hard to the touch; divided by transverse septa into 12 (more or less) internodes, the middle ones of which are longer than those of either extremit
Sheaths loose, striated like the stem, the interspaces between the striae having a dee p central suleus, of a
Teun rigid, harsh, rounded or truneate at the apex,
each having a median furrow on the back, the continu- — ation of the. ssitethadtate furrows of the sheath; sur- mounted by loose, flaccid, membranous, silky, elongated. ee pointed awns, which are usually whitish, but Sete =
ally black towards the apex of the stem; on the low
sheaths these awns appear evanescent, from their ex-
treme fragili
ity. oe Spike sessile, black, composed of 35 (more or less) black, roundish scales, on which the Lee of the stem
1The Phytologist for 1854 (Vol. V), p. 19.
acRIGAY GaP Sats
EQUISETA IN EUROPEAN HERBARIA 97
is distinctly continued; surmounted by a solid, conical, acuminate apex.
. Clay-banks facing the sea at Rockfield, County Wicklow, Ireland ; found by Mr. Moore in company with Professor Melville, of Queens College, Galway.
Herb. Moore, Newman, ete.”’
While this description is taken up mostly with minute fluctuating details, as most of the earlier descriptions of species and varieties of Equisetum, there can be no question of the identity of the plant described. How- ever, the plant does survive the winter, as intimated above, and it does branch, sometimes having cones on branches of the first year. New branches may also develop the second year. The sheaths described by Newman represent the extreme of discoloration due no doubt to the exposed habitat where the plants were collected. The sheaths in favorable habitats are long and ampliated and remain green for a long time.
The main characteristics of the species can thus be summarized as follows: Unbranched or sometimes branched either the first or second year; delicate peren- nial aerial shoots; long, green, ampliated sheaths usually with a black limb, becoming discolored in age; usually with promptly deciduous teeth; internodal ridges with an irregular double row of tubercles or cross hands of Silex; sheath segments with a central groove; cones apiculate; often appearing superficially like E. laeviga- tum. Milde described this same type as a variety of E. hiemale in 1858, E. hiemale schleicheri. Hy deseribed 4 Similar plant from France in 1890 as E. occidentale, giving the name combination both as a variety and a Species. In 1922 Samuelsson concluded that H. hiemale schleicheri is a hybrid between E. hiemale and E. ramo- sissimum. There is, however, no definite evidence for
Ybridity according to modern Mendelian principles of
98 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
heredity. The synonymy of the species is, therefore, as follows :
EQUISETUM MOooREI Newm. 1854.
E, hiemale schleicheri Milde. 1858.
E. occidentale Hy. 1890.
E. hiemale x ramosissimum Samuelsson. 1922.
These all refer to a common species representing the transition step between E. ramosissimum and E. hiemale and corresponding to the American EF. laevigatum which stands between E. ramosissimum and E. praealtum. The plant has had other earlier designations in herbaria and perhaps other earlier published names. But as the older descriptions are too vague and incomplete it is not proper to resurrect any of them since they could never be properly established.
There is no evidence for the presence of HE. mooret in America. Specimens so reported are to be referred to E. laevigatum which is easily distinguished from £. moorei. Unfortunately I was not able to find Newman’s type specimen from Rockfield. But there is a fairly good specimen, in the herbarium of the Natural History _ Museum in South Kensington, collected by R. W. Scully — in 1889. Another specimen from Rockfield, County Wicklow, collected in May, 1909, had only last years shoots with about a foot of green stem and dead at the top. E. moorei can be separated readily from £. hiemale by its elongated ampliated sheaths and delicate winter habit. Its irregular double row of tubercles on the internodal ridges and its grooved sheath segments distinguish it from both FE. ramosissimum and E. laevt- gatum which have single rows of tubercles on the ridges and sheath segments usually with a central ridge.
EQUISETUM TRACHYODON A. Br.
Equisetum trachyodon was described by Alexander Braun in 1839. In recent years it has usually —
EQuIseTA IN EuroPpEAN HERBARIA 99
regarded as a hybrid between E. hiemale and E. varie- gatum because the cones are frequently semi-sterile. E. hiemale doellii Milde belongs to the same alliance, so if a well-developed plant was found it was usually re- garded as EF. hiemale doellii. This form is then simply the larger more perfectly developed E. trachyodon. In Southwestern Greenland E. trachyodon occurs near one of the old Norsemen farms. Dr. C. H. Ostenfeld of Copenhagen kindly sent me enough of the Greenland material to make a definite determination. It may have been brought in by the Norsemen with hay from Iceland or Norway and then perpetuated itself in the loeality ever since. It was reported as FE. hiemale doellii, proba- bly because one of the supposed parents of EL. trachyo- don, namely E. hiemale, has never been discovered in Greenland. The Greenland specimens, as judged by the Sheaths and internodes, are typical FE. trachyodon. The presence of sterile or semi-sterile cones in Equisetum is no criterion for determining hybridity. These semi- Sterile and sterile cones oceur in all species of Equisetum and in some species they are very abundant where no - Possibility of recent hybridization exists in the region. hey occur with normal fertile shoots coming from the Same rhizome. In the herbaria some species going under the name of £. paleaceum Doell. are extreme forms of E. trachyodon in the broad sense. E. mackaii Newm. 1s also a form of E. trachyodon. 2 The American plant described as EZ. variegatum Jesupt by A. A. Eaton in 1904 is again only a form of E. trachyodon. Its general resemblance to EZ hiemale induced Farwell, in 1916, to rename it Hippochaete hiemalis jeswpi and Marie-Victorin, in 1924, gave it the Same position under the name Equisetum hyemale Jesup. E. variegatum alaskanum A. A. Eat., however, belongs to the E. variegatum alliance and not to E.
100 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL _
trachyodon, having a campanulate sheath, and long rigid black teeth with narrow margins. The typical E. variegatum is usually much more slender than its var. alaskanum and the teeth have a much broader white membranous margin. FE. variegatum is thus for the most part easily separated from E. trachyodon.
The EQUISETA PUSILLA are not to be derived directly from either E. moorei or E. hiemale but must also be derived independently from the E. ramosissimum—E. laevigatum complex from ancestors with simple rows of -tubereles and cross bands on the internodal ridges. This more primitive condition is retained in E. nelsoni (A. A. Eat.) Schaffn. but it has advanced otherwise to a nearly annual condition of the aerial shoots. e other three species of the EQUISETA PUSILLA have ad- vanced decidedly in doubling the internodal ridges, culminating in the extreme type in E. scirpoides. E. trachyodon is thus represented centrally by what has been called EL. hiemale doellii Milde and grades off on the one hand into the plant that has passed for a long time as the true E. trachyodon and on the other into Eaton’s E. variegatum jesupi. Not all the specimens, however, labeled FE. hiemale doellii in the herbaria are
E. trachyodon. Some are simply small specimens of the
true E. hiemale. As stated above E. trachyodon as now delimited is not to be derived from E. hiemale which
shows a number of decided specializations of its OWR, —
among which are distinct abscission of the teeth and
details of the sheath segments. E. trachyodon is inter-
mediate in size between E. hiemale and E. variegatum- The sheaths are cylindrical, mostly all black or with @ wide black band at the top. They are usually very
crustaceous and the thickening does not extend very far a
into the short, narrow, mostly persistent teeth. They
have a truncate appearance even when the teeth are not
EQuiseTa IN EuROPEAN HERBARIA 101
broken off. This character increases its resemblance to E. hiemale.
With the recognition of E. moorei, E. trachyodon, E. debile, and E. myriochaetum as good species the total number of Equisetum species now considered valid by the writer amounts to 23.
THE SPECIMENS ofr EQuisetuM IN LINNAEUS’ HERBARIUM. While in London, the opportunity was taken to ex- amine the specimens of Equisetum in the Linnean Herbarium, possessed by the Linnean Society of London, at Burlington House, Piccadilly. The sheets are as fol- lows and are without any data in general except the
of spicules on the internodal ridges of the ain stem. : 2. E. arvense (Sheets 3 and 4). Fertile and sterile shoots. 3. E. palustre (Sheet 5). 4. E. limosum (Sheet 6). Contains unbranched Shoots and a young branched shoot.
heet 8 is a specimen of E. variegatum and has a label reading: Equisetum var: latowrrelle—Tourelle. In lead Pencil on the species sheet is written by someone
E. asperrimum Dick.
E. variegatum Jacq. :
The word Tourelle in Linnaeus’ handwriting probably Tefers to the locality from which the specimen came. Linnaeus’ specimens are thus seen to be in a very Un- Satisfactory condition for critical study. Linnaeus was acquainted with six species of Equisetum, Five Euro- Pean species and one American species, EZ. giganteum,
102 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
although this is not in his herbarium. He evidently regarded E. variegatum as a form or variety of E. hiemale. The un-branched forms of EF. fluviatile he called E. limosum, but since £. fluviatile is first on the list and both names have a continuous historical de- velopment the water horsetail should always bear the latter name. Linnaeus named the branched form £. fluviatile and the branched form is usually predomi- nantly the common form while the naked form is a much rarer fluctuation. Pollich as early as 1777 selected fiuviatile in preference to limosum.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE Fie.l. Equisetum ramosissium oe NA ene sheath with teeth still persistent. Natura Fig. 2. Equisetum debile Roxb. al sheath with teeth still size
Fig. 3. Equisetum ramosissium Desf. area from small plant, the teeth fallen off. Natural siz
Fic. 4. Equisetum myriochaetum Cham, i Schlecht. Surface view of small area of main stem showing the single lines of stomata. Ma score about x1
Fic. 5. Equisetum gigantewm L. Surface view of small area of main stem showing one of ee bands of stomata com- posed of several lines. Magnified about x 115.
Notes ON A FERN GARDEN 103
Notes on a New Jersey Fern Garden--III W. HersBert DOLE
ADIANTUM PEDATUM, ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES, ete.
Adiantum pedatum is at its best where there is pro- tection from wind, plentiful moisture and shade. The clump which may be ‘seen at the top of the cut was planted four or five years ago and has become thoroughly established. The location, however, is not as sheltered as it might be and at times driving wind and rain have reduced beautiful fronds to a dilapidated condition, : though other ferns may not be at all injured. I am try- ing other plants of Adiantum in different places in the garden in an attempt to find a position that will produce Specimen plants.
At its best it is a beautiful fern, but unhappily placed it is apt to look ragged.
_ Other ferns appearing in the accompanying illustra- tion are Woodsia obtusa, Cystopteris fragilis, Asplenium platyneuron, A. Trichomanes and Pellaea atropurpured.
he Woodsia is being crowded by the Adiantum, but is holding its own and young plants have appeared lower down, where spores have lodged and germinated.
_ The original plants were found near Peekskill, N. Y., In 1926. They were growing on a loose, gravelly ban k near the Hudson River. The slope was barely held in Place by the roots of grasses, harebells (Campanula rotundifolia) and other plants. Evidently the ferns Were unable to maintain their hold for more than two & three y ears, as all noted were small and slender. Much larger and finer specimens have been seen since then in the district between Cranberry Lake and New- ton, N. J
The plants of Asplenium Trichomanes were obtained _ t the same time as were the Woodsia obtusa, from the
104 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
station near Peekskill. Small plants were found grow- ing on limestone ledges, almost bone dry at the time, though there were indications of abundant moisture earlier in the season. The finest specimens of Asple- nium Trichomanes I have seen were growing in wet moss on trap-rock ledges at the New York end of Greenwood Lake, where there was apparently a continuous flow of — water down the face of the rocks.
The photograph was taken before my plants of maidenhair spleenwort had reached their prime; later in the summer the fronds are longer and more numerous.
Asplenium platyneuron seems to thrive in dry, sunny places either among rocks or on grassy slopes. It 18 easily grown even in shady locations, but does better in the sun. My finest specimen is in the rock garden where it receives full sunshine most of the day during summer.
The Cystopteris fragilis just below the Woodsia ob- tusa in the illustration is a sporeling, one of many that 4 have appeared in the fern garden. At the lower left : corner there may be seen plants of Pellaea atropurpuret which have already been noted.
I try to add new varieties to my fern garden every year, but as the possibilities nearby are exhausted it becomes necessary to go farther and farther afield. During the late summer of 1930, while on a week-e visit at Cragsmore above Ellenville, N. Y., I found a colony of Cryptogramma Stelleri on shale cliffs along stream part way up the mountain. Due to the | weather and lateness of the season (about August 7); the fronds had begun to shrivel, but roots were obtained and several pounds of the pulverized shale in which they were growing. Crevices in my miniature cliff wet filled with this material and the roots were pee in-
AMERICAN FERN JOURNA VoLUME 21, PuatTe 10
FERN GROUP, INCLUDING ADIANTUM PEDATUM, WOODSIA OBTUSA, ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES, ETC.
106 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
serted. I am now watching to see if they will take hold and grow this spring (1931).
Near the above station of cliff brake were fine speci- mens of Phegopteris Dryopteris (oak fern), Cystopteris bulbifera, Adiantum and other ferns growing on wet rocks near a waterfall.
A great part of the enjoyment to be derived from a fern garden is to be found in discovering for one’s self the fern stations and observing the locality and condi- tions under which the ferns grow. A fern brought home after an all day tramp through woods or a climb over rocks and ledges is more highly prized than one obtained by other means and is more likely to grow than one sent from an unfamiliar habitat.
West ORANGE, NEW JERSEY.
Recent Fern Notes from Southern California JOSEPH Ewan
During the past three years college friends and my- self have collected ferns rather extensively in the south- ern half of the state, and the following notes are the result of these recent trips afield.
To these personal notes are added those of Dr. Pp. A. Munz, of Pomona College, Claremont, California, hith- erto unpublished. I express my sincere appreciation dee Dr. Munz for many kindnesses and suggestions @* : tended. Le
Our most complete report on the fern flora of this region is ‘‘Southern California Pteridophytes”’ by Pp. A- ‘ ‘Munz and Ivan M. Johnston (Am. Fern Jour. 12: 69- 77, 101-122 and 13: 1-7, 1923). This report, and mo? recent scattered articles are used as the reference Leg for this short paper.
FERN Nores From CALIFORNIA 107
All specimens cited are in the private herbarium of the author except as indicated, ‘‘Pomona College Her- barium.’?’
ApDIANTUM CapiLtus-VENERIS L. Forms designated by Moxley as forma cristatum, ‘the tips of the fronds more or less dichotomously forking and crested,’’ have been collected at a small canyon off Fish Canyon, of the San Gabriel Range (Ewan, 1275), and at Palm Canyon, Western Colorado Desert (E. L. Peterson, Feb. 22, 1930).
ADIANTUM PEDATUM I. var. ALEUTICUM Rupr. Col- lected at a hitherto unpublished station in the San Ber- nardino Mountains—Falls Creek, off Mill Creek, at 7200 ft. (E. L. Peterson, June 29, 1929, and Aug. 31, 1929). The Little Santa Anita Canyon station, San Gabriel Mts., pointed out to me by its discoverer, G. L. Moxley, Was flourishing in 1928 (Ewan, 129), but one year later the colony had been nearly wiped out and produced freak forms (Ewan, 1282). This station near Orchard Camp is intermediate between the Upper Sonoran and Transition Life Zones with Woodwardia chamissoi, P. seudotsuga macrocarpa, Quercus chrysolepis, Umbellu- laria californica, Boykinia rotundifolia, Acer macro- Phyllum (starred by Hall in ‘‘Life-Zone Indicators in California,’’ Proc. Calif. Acad. Sei., Vol. 9, no. 2, p. 58, as being ‘‘partieularly characteristie’”’ of the Transition Zone), and Aralia californica as representative plants.
ATHyrium Friix-FeMINA (L.) Roth var. CALIFOR- Ntcum Butters. Known from the Transition Zone in our mountains, but recently collected in the Canadian Zone of the San Jacinto Mts. on North Fork, Tahquitz Creek, at 8200 ft. (Ewan, 2126).
CHEILANTHES GRacttima Eaton. Authors generally Seem to have overlooked the range extension for this
108 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
species given by F. J. Smiley in ‘‘Report upon the Boreal Flora of ‘the Sierra Nevada of California’’ (Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., Vol. 9, p. 73). The Tulare County record of Dudley there cited may be strength- ened by its discovery in ‘‘exposed dry rock ecrevices’’ of Moro Rock, Sequoia National Park, Tulare Co., at 6719 ft. (Harvey Anderson, July 21, 1929).
CRYPTOGRAMMA ACROSTICHOIDES R. Br. The southern- most station in North America for this fern, summit of San Jacinto Peak, 10,805 ft., Riverside Co., was discov- ered and reported by Munz (Am. Fern Jour. 12: 115). I re-collected the fern at this station a 1, 1930 (Ewan, 2165).
CysToprTeris rraqiuis (L.) Bernh. Collected in Lit- tle Santa Anita Canyon, San Gabriel Mts., at 3000 ft. (Davidson & Moxley, Fl. So. Calif., p. 16, 1923) in 1928 (Ewan, 18), in the immediate vicinity of the Adiantum pedatum aleuticum station above described, but now extinct. This fern has an altitudinal range in Southern California of 8000 ft.; for contrasted with the last sta- tion is ‘‘rare about rocks, north side of San Gorgonl0 Peak at 11,100 ft.’? (Munz, 6207) in Pomona College Herb. Also collected on summit of San Jacinto Peak, 10,805 ft., by Dr. Munz in the past and by myself in 1930 (Ewan, 2157). An interesting collection was made of this fern near Keyes Ranch, 4500 ft., Little San Ber- nardino Mts., by F. R. Fosberg, May 1, 1930 (in Pomona
College Herb.). This station emphasizes the great alti- 2 tudinal range of this fern. Notes kindly furnished bY _
Mr. Fosberg.
NOTHOLAENA CALIFORNICA Eaton. To the published : lists of known stations for the coastal slope of Sou S
California may be added: ‘‘rock crevices between
and San Gabriel Canyons,’’ Los Angeles Co. (Mosley,
RECENT FERN LITERATURE 109
1126), May 30, 1923. Mr. Moxley kindly granted me permission to publish this record.
PoLYPODIUM HESPERIUM Maxon. An unreported sta- tion for this fern is Bluff Lake, 7500 ft., San Bernardino Mts., where it grows in ‘‘north facing erevices’’ and was first collected by Munz (8162), June 1, 1924, and subse- quently by Johnston at a slightly higher elevation, 7650 ft., July 5, 1924. Another station of this region is “two miles east of Bluff Lake at 7400 ft.’”? (Munz, 10668). Unreported stations for the San Jacinto Mts. are “‘Long Valley, 8500 ft.’’ Jaeger, June 28, 1923, and Dark Canyon, 7200 ft. (Munz & Johnston, 8778) where It favored the ‘‘north side of rocks.’? All specimens of P. hesperium cited are in the Pomona College Herb.
THELYPTERIS AUGESCENS (Link) M. & J. An unre- Ported station of the San Gabriel Range is Van Tassel Canyon, west of Fish Canyon (Ewan, 1278), where a freak fertile frond was also collected (Ewan, 1277).
Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.
Recent Fern Literature _ Graustein, Miss Jeanette E., ‘‘ Evidences of Hybridism 5 Selaginella,’’ Bot’l Gazette, Vol. 90, September, 930.
Miss Graustein has examined eight species of Selagi- nella including the two common hardy forms, 8. apoda and 8. rupestris, She has subjected fruiting material of these forms to cytological study and has found Numerous aberrations from normal behavior. In gen- fral, such divergences in the process of spore formation and so forth are found to be characteristic of hybrids. qn this connection, she reaches the conclusion that hy-
Tidism has played a considerable part in the evolution
110 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
of this group. It is a matter of oe that mee com- mon ledge species, 8. rupestris, is ‘‘apogamous’’ and almost completely megasporangiate, that there is a large percentage of sterility in the spores of the species ex- amined: that in the cultivated form, 8. Mandiana, amitotic divisions are common.
Of less technical interest, it may be noted that “*Selaginella represents a survivor of an ancient group,
. . fossil Lycopodia of the Paleozoic;’’ that over 600 species are now recognized.
Kimmerle, J. V. (Budapest, Hungary).
Dr. Kiimmerle has sent in three short papers dealing with exotic fern types. In one the occurrence of Azolla fiiculoides in Japan and Italy is discussed. In an- other, a noteworthy form of Woodwardia radicans is commented upon. In the third, reference is made to Dr. Kiimmerle’s forthcoming Catalog of Lycopodiacae, Psilotacaeae, and Selaginellacaea.
During the years 1920-1924 Dr. Joseph F. Rock made a large collection of ferns in China, chiefly in the south- western portions. Dr. Christensen has been working since 1926 at their determination. He has encountered considerable difficulty in making out identities; his list, now published, is not only a model of its kind in other ways, but of especial value in that it straightens out many of the tangles caused by the work of Baker and Christ. These men, noted fern specialists in their day, received many Chinese ferns for study. In at least ee case, the classical collection of Dr. August Henry, S¢ were sent to both and each worked at them quite ae
pendently of the other. The result was that the same |
species was often described under different names by
both, that each misunderstood the other’s descriptions .
oon ee eae
SHORTER NoTES 111
(sometimes quite excusably) and, much less inevitably, each described over again species of his own about which he had forgotten. By a systematic study of type speci- mens Dr. Christensen has been able to put in their proper places these confused and confusing names, so far as they relate to the Rock collections, and his accom- panying comment is of high value.
To any young taxonomist beginning the study of ferns, Dr. Christensen’s statement of his point of view and methods on pages 266 and 267 is likewise most heartily commended.
THE OxpEest Living Frern.—One modern fern species is reported as identical with a form existing millions of years ago in Eocene time, namely, Onoclea sensibilis. The fossil form was described. by Newberry as 0. sensi- bilis fossilis. It is referred to in a recent book by Dr. F. H. Knowlton of the U. 8. Geological Survey (‘‘Plants of the Past’’), Fig. 85 in that text shows a fragment of a leaf with the lobing and venation clearly evident. It Would be strange if the form of several million years earlier was identically the same as our modern species, but paleontologists who have studied it have not found evidence as yet justifying separation as a distinet Species. It is further noteworthy as the only modern fern Species known also as fossil.
ASPLENIUM BRADLEYI ERRONEOUSLY REPORTED ON LiMe- STONE AGAIN.—In carrying out studies on the soil reae- tion preferences of ferns, I have repeatedly tested the Soils Supporting Bradley’s Spleenwort, and have 1- i. FP
“Christensen, C. Asiatie Pteridophyta collected by Joseph F. — 1920-1924. Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. 26: 265-337, pl. 13-
- 1931,
AG AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
variably found them to be decidedly acid.1. This has led me to inspect critically reports of the findings of the spe- cies on limestone, where the soils are normally alkaline, and in all cases the data have proved open to doubt. As the idea still seems to prevail in many places that this fern is ‘‘lime-loving,’’ however, further discussion of the matter seems called for.
Asplenium bradleyi was collected near Newburgh, New York, ‘‘on limerock,’’ by Bumstead and Eaton? in 1864; as the rocks exposed near that place are dominantly siliceous, however, there would appear to be strong probability that the rock supporting the fern was wrongly identified. It was later found in the Shawan- gunk Mountains by Clarence Lown. The compiler of the Flora of the Vicinity of New York‘ stated it to be ‘‘known in our area only from the predominantly lime- stone region in the Shawangunk Mountains,”’ although reference to any geological map would have shown him that these mountains are made up almost entirely of sandstone rocks instead.
When statements of this sort get into the literature, however, their copying from one compilation to another seems to be inevitable. So, in the Annotated List of the Ferns and Flowering Plants of New York heir we find the above cited statements paraphrased as “‘On r preferring limestone,’’ and these words were faithfully repeated in the Fern Lover’s Companion.®
1 Wherry, AM. Fern J. 10: 17, 47. 1920. 15: 47. 1925. 18: 62. 1928.
2 Eaton, Ferns N. A. 2: 40. 1893.
3 Davenport, an. Torr. Bot. oo 10: 6. 1893.
0. 5 House, Bull. N. Y. St. Mus. ae “254: 27. 1924. 6 Tilton, Fern Lover’s Comp. 87. 1922.
SHORTER Nores 113
Recently there has been published an elaborate book on the Wild Flowers of the Alleghanies,” including a check list of the ferns of that region. The latter con- tains data as to the habitats of the several species,* and Asplenium bradleyi is alleged to grow ‘‘usually on lime- stone rocks.’’ Unfortunately, in acknowledging my aid in correcting the proof of that work, its writer inad- vertently failed to mention that considerable material, including that on ferns, was added after I had seen the Proof. This omission places me in the awkward posi- tion of seeming to sponsor the very statement as to the Soil preferences of this fern which I have been trying so hard to correct for the past ten years!
For the benefit of future compilers of data on plant habitats, then, I am once more stating the situation with reference to Asplenium bradleyi: As far as authenti- cated records go, this fern never occurs on limestone at all, but is strictly limited to sandstone, quartzite, mica- gneiss, and other siliceous rocks, in the erevices of which decidedly acid soils have accumulated.—Epear T.
HERRY, Department of Botany, University of Penn- sylvania.
“ium "Harned, Wild Fl, Alleghanies 624. 1931.
8 - These seem to have been compiled from more or less untrust Worthy sources, as many of them are inaceurate or misleading.
114 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
American Fern Society Report of Treasurer for Year 1930 GENERAL FUND
RECEIVED Cash one hand Satie 0 ee atneee aes $1,191.39 Membership dues— 27 $1.50 1928 1.50 1929 22.50 1930 423.28 1931 28.35 1932 1.50 $478.63 Subseriptions to Journal 93.92 Emergency Fund—sale of back numbers of the Journal 80.15 Illustrating Fund, Gifts 3.50 Advertising 5.00 st 35.00 Miscellaneous 40 Reprints repaid 14.76 Protested check repaid 1.50 712.86 oe $1,904.25 Pai Our Editor’s Account American Fern Journal Printing 700 copies $281.00 Title page, contents, index, 6 and 8 pt. noon. 36.71 Bxtra. Pages 104.32 Inserts and extra copies No. 2 20.76 Illustrations . 55.26 | ostage, mailing, envelopes, stencils 0.0... 22.40 — Editor’s postage 1.50 = Total eost of Journal $521.95 2 Less credit on 1921 No. 4 6.92 : Net amount paid on Journal account 0.2.00 $515.03
AMERICAN FERN Society 115
Treasurer’s Expense 19.60
Secretary ’s Expense, postage and election .......... 11.10
Reprints from Journal, repaid 14.76
Protested check, repaid 1.5 561.99 PALAWOR ON TIAND 2 $1,342.26
This balance is made up as follows:
EMERGENCY FUND :
On hand Jan. 1 .... $373.70
Back numbers sold 80.15 On hand Dee. 31 PY ge
ILLUSTRATING FUND
co a ee 0.00
MM i 3.50 Special order for Herbarium SS POOKES oe cage 25.00 General Fund Witapproprinted o5oo cs oon 859.91 _ $1,342.26
SPECIAL RESERVE FUND
On hand Jan. 1 cetceciine @ OREAS Interest received Wirlaricco der oipacacaee stele os csclemecesa eines 47.88 Pelknee on hand Den. '3t $ 973.34
Respectfully submitted, Jay G. UNDERWOOD, Treasurer
The Society will hold a fall outing in the Pine Barrens of New Jersey, in cooperation with the Torrey Botanical Club, from Friday evening, September 25th through Sunday, September 27th, 1931.
The flora of the Pine Barrens is strikingly different from that of the upland area of the North Atlantic States, Among the ferns are climbing fern (Lygodium
116 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
palmatum) in abundance and the rare curly grass (Schizaea pusilla) ; also Woodwardia virginica, W. areo- lata, Dryopteris simulata and others more generally com- — mon. Many unusual flowering plants, characteristic of the region, may likewise be seen.
Field excursions will be held Saturday morning and afternoon and Sunday till mid-afternoon. At evening sessions, Dr. M. A. Chrysler, of Rutgers College, will speak on the characteristic flora of the region, with lantern slides from natural color plates; Mrs. George E. Anderson on its lichens and algae; Mr. A. T. Beals on its mosses; Mr. Raymond H. Torrey on its geology a8 : affecting local ecology; and Dr. William S. Thomas 00 ~ its mushrooms.
Brown’s Mills-in-the-Pines, New Jersey, will be head- quarters. It may be reached by bus from New York, Philadelphia, Trenton (the nearest convenient railroad station) and Lakewood. - There are perfect automobile — roads from all directions. Inn charges range from $3. to $4.50 per person per day American plan. Rooms with — private baths one dollar additional. Rooms for single occupancy fifty cents additional.
Detailed itinary, with program of events, maps, and a transportation schedules will be furnished to enquirels ” and registrants. Registration must be made, as early ee possible, with the leaders, Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Gavit — Taylor, 6 Beech St., Arlington, N. J. (tel. Kearny 2: . 1139) and 60 Park Place, Newark, N. J. (tel. Mitchell” 2: 1919).
ay, Se eee. ee ene
Again we are indebted to Mr. W. Herbert Dole for the attractive illustration which accompanies his article. :
New member: Dr. H. K. Svenson, Brooklyn Botame Garden, Brooklyn, N. Y.
THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB
MEMBERSHIP Including Bulletin, Memoirs, and Torreya, $5.00 a year
PUBLICATIONS Bulletin. Monthly, established 1870. shies — 00 A, years hapa numbers 40 cents, Of former volumes plied i nabialh Miasinerints intended for basta ns “th e BULLETIN should be addressed to Tracy E. Hazen, Editor, treaty Collewe Columbia University, New York City. Torreya. Bi-m monthly, established 1901. Price, $1.00 a year. Manuscripts intended for publication in TorrEya should be ad- bon ed to Gzorce T. peo Editor, Robbins Place, Yonkers,
Memoirs, Occasional, established 1889, Price, $3.00 a volume. oF herrvenaee ry Catalogue of Anthophyta and Pteridophyta within 0 miles of New York City, 1888, Price, $1.00. Subscriptions d other b ti should be < dressed to the ‘reeeucsey sa pea Mf release, Box 42, Scherm:
Hall, Columbia University, New Yor ‘eee
BOOKS BY THE FOUNDER OF THE AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY
Botanical Essays, 112 pp. 23 essays. ——
Practical Botany. 214 pp. 110 il. The regular high school course . $1.10 American Plant Names. 248 pp: All the | co ommon names of eastern American plants—1700 of oe the correct technical names. . $4.25 Fern Altes of North America. 288 pp- 156 ill. s Ty. UOUk 0 " Our ee in their scsi 333 pp. 225 ill. The Standard work: 505? pes et $3.50
ara pee N. CLUTE & sity
Butler University, Indianapo
ane Science Press Tinting Company Printers of Scientific and Educational Journals, Monographs and Books Diformtinis turtstecd ance acuttee Lime and Green Sts., Lancaster, Penna.
JAQUES cay TELL Secret :
beniticd
THE BRYOLOGIST PUBLISHED BY THE SULLIVANT MOSS SOCIETY
The only magazine in English bear 5 pg to Mosses, Hepatics and Lichens. Bi-monthly; illustrated; for the beginner as well as for the professional. Yearly ¥ subscription om ‘the United Fate $1.25. Twenty-five cents additional gives membership in the borate : MOSS SOCIETY, with free services of Curators for beat
Address A. TENNYSON BEALS 2929 Broadway NEW YORK CITY
iaternis BOTANIC GARDEN MEMOIR Volume I: ee ntributions by various authors on seneties, pathol- ogy, mycology, , physiology, roleey, plant geography, and § tematic
otany. Pric 50 pl postage. Volume II: The vegetation of Long Island. Part 1. The voll of Montauk, ete. Pub. 1923 pp. Price
ee Til: The Seeeatiad of Mt. pease, Maine, and its e envi men By Barrington Moore and Norman Taylor. 151 pages, 27 tex eure: wegetation map in colors. June 10, 1927. Price, $1.60.
ERICAN JOURNAL ve BOTANY ra to All Branches of Botanical Scien Established THis. Monthly, except ia and Neptessbek a Publication of the Botanical Society of America. Subscri Dilan, year for complete volumes (Jan. to Dec.). Parts of volumes ode —— number ra rate. Single numbers, $1.00 each, post free. postage:
ECOLOGY o All Forms of Life in Relation to nment — eased es uarterly. Official Paplicaton i the Eeo olen Society of America. Subscription, $4 a r for comple vsingle (Jan. to Dec.). Parts of volumes at the a number rate. numbers, $1.25 post free. Foreign postage: 20 cents. GE passaged estigations on Heredity and Variatio ote Established i918, Be ‘monthly. Subectintion, "96 a year = comt rate. yolumes (Jan. to rts of — mes at the sin ngle nu ingle pice alg $155 cha "Free. reign postage: 50 tg
BROOKLYN BOTANIC ean Brooklyn, N. ¥» U. 8: *
This Free Catalog Lists
room moror | Fetd and Herbarium Equipmet
Designed by Botanists
SB ST seo
Fern Trowels t + and Felt Driers Field Picks nus Covers
WAVERLEY. MASS.USA.
pers Write to-day for Catalog F 91
CAMBOSCO SCIENTIFIC COMPANY
WAVERLEY, MASS., U. S. A.
Vol. 21 October-December, 1931 No. see
American Hern Journal
A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS Published by the
/ AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY
j
Bf ae sa | EDITORS R. C. BENEDICT E. J. WINSLOW Cc. A. WEATHERBY Bd CONTENTS 1930 Washington Fern Notes J. W. Tuomrson 117 Botrychiums of the Central States............-- E. W. Graves 125 Tropical American Isoetes T. C. Pater 132
New Tropical American Ferns--VIIL.........-. W. R. Maxon 136 Recent Fern Literature +139 Second Station
use
for Asplenium montanum in tts
c S. W. Barmey 140 American Fern Netiety 5 eee 144 Index to Volume 21 wwe 149 Siggar enn ee ee Oe SEE
ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION, $1.25: FOREIGN, $1.35 LIME & GREEN STS.. LANCASTER, PA. . AUBURNDALE, MASS.
Under the rs Second-class matter at the post office at Lancaster, 04 7t\ Rr
Tate of oaue = of March 3, 1879. Acceptance for mailing at’ sar
®Uthorizeg coos Drovid Act of October 3, 191%" Sr 4 on July & ~ Baga in section 1103, bed a
Che American Hern Soriety
Counril for 1931 OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR Wituiam R, Maxon, Smithsonian Institution, Wane ae o en _ CartoTta C. Hatt, Stanford University, Calif., Vice- resin Rev. C. 8. Lewis, Trinity Rectory, Plattsburg, N. Yen Seer J. G. UNDERWOOD, Hartland, Vt aoe
OFFICIAL ORGAN
American Fern Journal
EDITORS Raupu ©. BEeNeEpIct................ 1819 Dorchester ateer Brookizs, N. Y, E. J. Wousstow urndale, Mass. C. A. WEATHERBY aes Mass.
An illustrated quarterly devoted to the general study of ferns. Subscription, $1.25 per year, foreign, 10 cents extra; sen fr to members of the AMERICAN FERN pours (annual dues, $1.50; ie membership, $25.00). Extracted reprints, if order - advance, will be furnished authors at cost. They ea be order
aie: nee is returned.
Volume I, six numbers, * 00; other bigpinn $1.25 — i Vol <i, 8 : ¥
Matter for ee should be addressed to R. C. ce 1819 Dorchester Road, or Brooklyn Botanie Garden, 1000 W ington Ave., Br ooklyn, rae Se i — = back numbers siaatey be sent to the becicsve = “ rooklyn e Garden, Brooklyn, N. munications should be sr Aone to E. J. Wiser prerenoe Mass
CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM
L. 8. Horxins Culver-Stockton College, Canton, M0- A regular loan department is main connection with th
blished t lebermced| ee obtaining specimens from different localities.
o
: ; : Me : ,
SS a aan, Bee tn Pe eee ee ete
Amvprican Fern Journal
Vol. 21 OCTOBER-DECEMBER No. 4
1930 Washington Fern Notes
J. Win~u1amM THOMPSON
Several days before school closes, I begin to feel the lure of the wild—a strong desire to shoulder my pack and hie me away to the mountains and forests to search for new and rare plants—to stay until I ‘‘starve out,”’ my only weapon my botany pick and the only roof the °pen sky fringed with the spreading boughs of the alpine firs. When my food gives out, or the amount of my collections become burdensome, I come back to civilization lone enough to care for the plants, feed up, and set out again. This past year I was late in getting Started, but on July 22 I alighted at the Mt. Baker Lodge, altitude 4200 feet, and began one of the shortest
ut most successful seasons I have ever had. I gathered both flowering plants and ferns, but here I shall men- tion only the ferns I found, except to say that I have und about seven new species and varieties of the former, |] should like to tell of the many thrills I ex- Perienced with bears, eagles, weather, ete., but that
longs elsewhere. Between the date above and August
» 1 made two visits to Mt. Baker, one to Mt. Rainier,
— One to Mt. Angeles in the Olympics, and one to Mt.
Stuart in the heart of the Wenatchee Mountains. All regions Were interesting in some particular as you can
| idge by following the cited collections later on. My
[Volume 21, No. 3, of the JournaL, pages 81-116, plates 7-9,
Was issued August 24, 1931.]
117
118 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
_ trips to Mt. Rainier and Mt. Angeles were too brief to do justice to either in the way of ferns, but both moun- _tains yielded me several interesting endemics. Next year I hope to have a lot more to say about the ferns 1 hope to find in the Olympics. The following species were found, and localities are given for each.
Woopsia scopuntina D. C. Eaton. Much more com- mon than W. oregana. Widely distributed in this State, erowing in clefts of cliffs, ete. Rocky clefts on Mt. Hermann, 4800 feet, Thompson 5364; rocky crags near summit of Mt. Angeles, scarce, 5400 feet, Thompson 5582; erevices of cliffs at 7500 feet, common, Mt. Stuart, Thompson 5780,
CYsTOPTERIs FRAGILIS (L.) Bernh. Rocky erevices east of Lodge, 4200 feet, Mt. Baker region, Thompson 5287; rocky crevices of Mt. Angeles, Thompson 5479; rocky clefts at summit of Skyline Ridge, Mt. Baker, 6000 feet, Thompson 5651. This fern is so common that I seldom collect it, occurring literally everywhere in all sorts of situations, even under sagebrush in the dry plains area.
Potypoprum vuueare L. var. copumBranum Gilbert. (P. hesperium Maxon.). Widely distributed along the Pacific coast. Rocky crevices on Mt. Hermann, Mt. Baker region, 4400 feet, Thompson 5357; crags and erevices near summit of Mt. Angeles, 5400 feet, Thomp-
son 5581; fairly common in the erevices of rocks and : cliffs on Mt. Stuart, 7500 feet, Thompson 5872. _ ites grows in the cracks of cliffs and its roots are very diff-
eult to obtain even with a pick.
Pouypoprum vueare L. var. occineNTaLE Hook. 50 . common on the lower levels that I made only one eollec- —
of
tion out of a possible dozen. Lower wooded slopes Mt. Angeles, 3000 feet, Thompson 5507.
gate: hale Gan
WASHINGTON FERN NOTES 119
Potysticuum Loncurrs (l.) Roth. Crevices of cliffs on south slope of Mt. Hermann, 4500 feet, Thomp- 80n 5253 ; rocky crevices at summit of Mt. Angeles, 5500 feet, Thompson 5526 ; erevices of cliffs on Mt. Stuart, 8000 feet, Thompson 5782. A beautiful fern to see stowing on some wild ledge, often impossible to reach.
PotysticHum Lemmoni Underw. This was the main object of the trip to Mt. Stuart where this fern occurs iM great profusion from 5000 to 8000 feet, so abundant, In fact, that one might think this was its original home. See eut. By side of granite boulders, Mt. Stuart region, 5000 feet, Thompson 5870.
PoLysticHum scopuninum (D. C. Eaton) Maxon. Seems to be the rarest fern yet in my experience, having looked for it in many likely places but so far have found only one clump—crevices of high cliffs, Mt. Stuart, 8000 feet, Thompson 5887.
Pouysticuum cantrorNicum (D. C. Eaton) Underw. This was the biggest surprise of the season, the finding that it oceurred in great numbers along the lower levels in the Wenatchee Mountains, and indeed a surprise that nO one else seems to have found it there. Second record, T believe, for this State. Common along trail to Mt. Stuart, 4000 feet, Thompson 5871.
PouysticHum Anpersont Hopkins. This fern has been recently found on Mt. Baker, but I have yet failed to find it. While on the brief trip to Mt. Rainier, a forest ranger, Mr. T. A. Warren, had a clump on display Which he had found in the Ipsut Pass, 5000 feet, and Bave me a frond for my collection. I hope to have more to say of this fern next year.
THeLypreris Dryoprerts (L.) Slosson. Shady woods ; “idely distributed. I found it many times, but made
AMERICAN FrrN JOURNAL : VoLUME 21, PLATE 10
OLUMPS or PouysTricnhumMm LeEMMONI AMONG 1
WASHINGTON FERN NoTES 121
only one collection from each locality I visited. Woods, Mt. Baker region, 4500 feet, Thompson 5270; by trail to Mt. Angeles, 3000 feet, Thompson 5484. ;
THELYPTERIS PHEGOPTERIS (L.) Slosson. Base of ledge below Austin Pass, Mt. Baker region, 4000 feet, Thomp- Son 5258; rocky crevices, base of Panorama Dome, 4200 feet, Mt. Baker region, Thompson 5721.
THELYPTERIS OREOPTERIS (Sw.) Slosson. Talus slope below Austin Pass, with the last, Thompson 5692.
THELYPTERIS sPINULOSA (Muell.) Nieuwl. var. DILA- TATA (Hoffm.) St. John. Deep woods by trail of Spray Park, 4000 feet, Mt. Rainier, Thompson 5463; lower wooded slope of Mt. Angeles, 3000 feet, Thompson 5506 ; talus slope below Austin Pass, 4000 feet, Mt. Baker region, Thompson 5720; base of Panorama Dome, Mt. Baker region, 4200 feet, Thompson 57203.
ASPLENIUM TrIcHomaNEs L. Crevices of cliffs above Bagley Lake, Mt. Baker region, 4400 feet, Thompson 5255. I observed this species elsewhere, but each time It proved inaccessible.
ASPLENTUM virIDE Huds. Deep fissure at base of Panorama Dome, Mt. Baker region, 4200 feet, Thomp- “on 5259; rocky erevices near summit of second peak, Mt. Angeles, 5500 feet, Thompson 5480; crevices of high cliffs, Mt. Hermann, 6000 feet, Mt. Baker region, Thomp- 80M 5711; cracks of cliffs on Mt. Stuart at 6000 feet, Th ompson 5774. This supposedly rare fern is evidently not so rare with us, just hard to find, I judge. Each of the above collections is a first record, as far as I know, for each of the regions.
Atuyrium FInix-FeMINA (L.) Roth. Widely distrib- uted and very variable. The variety sitchense Rupr.
122 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
occurs in the mountains but intergrades of every sort occur making it impossible for an amateur to know where to draw the line between the species and the variety. Moist exposed talus slopes, Mt. Baker region, 4200 feet, Thompson 5290; common in wet swales up to 4800 feet, Mt. Baker region, Thompson 5346; by stream banks at 5500 feet, Mt. Stuart region, Thompson 5773.
ATHYRIUM ALPESTRE (Hoppe) Ryl. var. AMERICANUM Butters. So abundant in the Mt. Baker region as to be- come monotonous,—not so much so in the other places visited. Large tufts among old rock slides near Lodge, Mt. Baker region, 4200 feet, Thompson 5276; talus slopes on Mt. Hermann, Mt. Baker region, 5000 feet, Thompson 5328; talus slopes at base of Panorama Dome, Mt. Baker region, 4200 feet, Thompson 5708; base of boul- ders and cliffs, Mt. Stuart at 8000 feet, Thompson 5789. This fern was observed on both Mt. Rainier and Mt. Angeles, but failing to find good material, I neglected to get specimens from those places.
STRUTHIOPTERIS SPICANT (L.) Weis. The only fern I collected near home. Widely distributed and very abundant west of the Cascades, usually at slight eleva- tions. Shady woods, south Seattle, Thompson 5194; moist shady woods, Mt. Rainier, 4000 feet, Thompson 5471. ;
CRYPTOGRAMMA AcRosTIcHowEs R. Br. Rocky slopes of Mt. Hermann, Mt. Baker region, Thompson 5330; — rocky crevices near summit of Mt. Angeles, 5300 eh : Baker region, Thompson 5694. Observed in several 4 localities; fairly common in the mountains, and occ — sionally near sea-level along the coast in old lava fore mations.
SS Sele SS as Se me ge SE Var Tey
WASHINGTON FERN NoTES 123
PTERIDIUM AQUILINUM (L.) Kuhn var. PUBESCENS Underw. Since this fern is literally a pest west of the Cascade Mountains, I took the trouble to make only one collection, a dwarfed specimen as follows: dry slope at 4000 feet by trail to Mt. Stuart, Thompson 5855.
ADIANTUM PEpATUM lL, and variety ALEUTICUM Rupr. Moist draw above Bagley Lake, Mt. Baker region, 4300 feet, Thompson 5263 ; talus slope below Austin Pass,
t. Baker region, 4000 feet, Thompson 5705; clefts of tocks along mountain streams, Mt. Stuart region, 4000 feet, Thompson 5856. :
CHEILANTHES sILIQuOsA Maxon. Base of large granite boulders, Mt. Stuart region, 4000 to 6000 feet, Thomp- on 5852. Very abundant in the region above; but I failed to find it in any of the other places visited this Past year. In the Mt. Stuart region it seems to spring Up around nearly every large boulder, forming clumps often two feet across.
CHELANTHES GractutiMa D. C. Eaton. Cracks of cliffs and slate ledges, Mt. Hermann, Mt. Baker region, 4300 feet, Thompson 5696 ; erevices of cliffs and ledges at 9500 feet, Mt. Stuart region, Thompson 5772. Rare i the Mt. Baker region, but very common in the Mt.
tuart region,
Equiserum arvense L. Marshy bank of Chain Lakes,
' Mt. Baker region, 5000 feet, Thompson 5367. One of the
Season’s disappointments was that I failed to find
E. scirpoides Michx. I hope to find it in the Mt. Baker
region in 1931. Several other species occur in the State, "tT neglected them for time in the mountains.
Lycopoprum Sexaco L. Rocky ledge at base of Pano- | “ama Dome, Mt. Baker region, 4200 feet, Thompson 527 8;
124 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
wet bank by Chain Lakes, 5000 feet, Mt. Baker region, Thompson 5747.
LYCOPODIUM SABINAEFOLIUM Willd. var. SITCHENSE (Rupr.) Fern. Common in the alpine meadows, by Bagley Lake, 4300 feet, Mt. Baker region, Thompson 5297, 5674; in a long stringy mass in deep shade of al- pine firs, south slope of Mt. Hermann, Mt. Baker region, 5500 feet, Thompson 5745; alpine meadows, Mt. Rainier, 6000 feet, Thompson 5445. .
LYCOPODIUM ANNOTINUM L. The typical form was found in a deep forest on middle slopes of Skyline Ridge, Mt. Baker, 3000 feet, Thompson 5620; while a startling extension of range for var. aAcRIFoLIuM Fern. was found on the lower wooded slopes of Mt. Angeles, 3000 feet, Thompson 5511. The writer is indebted to Frére